What an interesting read! I learned a great deal about Egypt from this book, before which I knew next to nothing. As a memoir, the main focus is the author Ahmed Naji and the significant personal transformation he undergoes while imprisoned for “offending public morality.” I can honestly say I am unsure exactly what my feelings are about him even now. First impressions were not entirely positive for me. His raw, blunt writing style coupled with his initial self-importance left a sour taste in my mouth. He went on vitriolic rants about prison literature and the “dead weight of ideology that drags on these writings,” as well as the impossibility that a writer engages in the effort for any other motive than their own satisfaction. Naji spends much of his early time in the justice system refusing the title of ‘writer,’ calling himself instead an “occasional journalist, day laborer in the media market, often-unemployed intellectual masturbator.” He does not take himself seriously and wonders why anyone else would do so, especially to the point of litigation.
This lack of personal commitment to his craft and what seems to be either immaturity or a self-protective denial is surprising once you learn more about his early life. He was raised in the Muslim Brotherhood, initially taught in the “warm womb” of the Brotherhood school system, then transitioned to the public school system. He rose through the ranks as a young man with fervent dedication, until his absolute rejection of book burning led him to walk out in the middle of a meeting and never return. He had to watch his father burn his books when they became dangerous illegal possessions and see his descent into depression after trying to render aid during the Rabaa massacre. Just 2 months later, in October 2013, his father “left his job, house, and country, and resolved never to return.” Another 2 years and Naji’s trial would begin.
The author’s love of reading and voracious appetite for books pervaded his time in prison. The list of books mentioned is upwards of 35 and they served as a necessary escape from the reality of prison life in Egypt. Over his 10 months of incarceration, Naji came to better understand the significance of the written word. Seemingly ironic for a man that was already an established journalist and novelist, he states “I saw for the first time that words, books, and literature have an inner force, a hidden strength that might be stored inside a sentence or a word or a letter.” As the political tide turned against him, his fellow journalists began to distance themselves, while the writing community reached out in support. It led to an intense delineation in his mind between journalism and writing, and he accepted that there was a rebellious motivation to his work, and he did want to be counted as a true writer. He never expressed more fear than when he learned a fellow inmate was made to burn all of the writings he had made while in prison. To lose the novel he had begun writing would be to “lose everything.” “They would steal my memories, force me to wipe everything I remembered of prison, and turn my torment into a void that I couldn’t even go back and look at.”
It was indeed sobering to learn about the Egyptian “justice” and prison systems. The circus-like farce that was Naji’s court proceedings unfortunately paled in comparison to the extreme abuses he would see and experience once incarcerated. Prison life was pay-to-play, further intensifying social caste divisions, and was plagued by the constant threat of physical and psychological abuse. Insects became part of the fraternity, you slept on concrete slabs, and there were dozens of men in each cellblock. He was terribly beaten multiple times, given rotten food, went days without water and electricity, and rarely received but a fraction of the letters and items sent by family and friends. Beautiful moments of cooperative humanity did shine through the darkness, like when the cellblock produced bail money for an inmate that could not afford it, or when the group collectively agreed to stop smoking to protect the elderly and unwell among them. But these moments could never counteract the constant torture. I had no idea the situation was so bad, and to know that Naji’s sentence and experience could be considered mild is a sobering thought.
I greatly appreciate this book and all it has taught me. Ahmed Naji’s development throughout it, delivered with a brutal honesty that was at times jarring, was admirable. I am happy to know he was released and was ultimately able to escape Egypt, but I am loathe to know that Egypt continues to suppress its people’s freedom while putting on a masquerade for the rest of the world. As Naji states, “As far as progress goes, the tools of coercion and control have become more refined, which is to say less and less visible to the populace.” I would recommend this book to anyone who values freedom of speech and freedom of the press. It is an important work that could not have been produced within Egypt’s borders and can inform more of us about what is hiding behind that veil.
*A note of caution regarding structure. This book has a strange structure, switching between Naji’s time in prison and his life leading up to it, with transcribed journal entries scattered throughout. The prison chapters are non-linear, jumping back and forth in time, which can be a bit disorienting.