On the surface, James can seem to be a writer preoccupied with formal and technical principles. However, beneath this precise and polished veneer of refined style lie the deep thoughts and emotions of infinitely complex characters. He vividly captures our endless longing for love and friendship. The recurring tension is between the need for community and the need to shape one’s individual destiny—regardless of the emotional cost. James describes beautifully how our bad choices, errors, and failures are intrinsic to the formation of an authentic identity. There can be no meaningful life without risk and danger. His writing towers in the history of fiction because he reveals the dichotomy of human strength and vulnerability. The Portrait of a Lady is a portrait of humanity.