This hits. Plenty of people complain that as a war novel there's not enough war. They're wrong. It's true that we don't get war scenes until 2/3's of the way through but that's Malouf's power and skill in play.
It's only by tying Jim to the land that we can feel the immense loss of his life at the end. The loss of knowledge and understanding of a place rips out the the guts of its significance. It's a single life lost but the cost is so high. Malouf also writes beautifully about the horrors of war. Jim's three most pertinent observations about the war are stunning in their poetic mundanity.
Often, as Jim later discovered, you entered the war through an ordinary looking gap in a hedge. One minute you were in a ploughed field, with snowy troughs between ridges that marked old furrows and peasants off at the edge of it digging turnips or winter greens, and the next you were through the hedge and on duckboards, and although you could look back and still see the farmers at work, or sullenly watching as the soldiers passed over their land and went slowly below ground, there was all the difference in the world between your state and theirs. They were in a field and very nearly at home. You were in the trench system that led to the war.
He had begun to feel immeasurably old. Almost everyone he had known well in the company was gone now and had been twice replaced. The replacements came up in new uniforms, very nice, very sweet, very clean, and looked like play soldiers, utterly unreal, till they too took on the colour of the earth or sank below it. It was like living through whole generations. Even the names they had given to positions they had held a month before had been changed by the time they came back, as they changed some names and inherited others form the men who went before. In rapid succession, generation after generation, they passed over the landscape. Marwood Copse one place was called, where not a stick remained of what might, months or centuries back, have been a densely-populated wood. When they entered the lines up at Ploegsteert and found the various trenches called Piccadilly, Hyde Park Corner, the Strand, it was to Jim, who had never seen London, as if this maze of muddy ditches was all that remained of a great city. Time, even in the dimension of his own life, had lost all meaning for him.
It would go on forever. The war, or something like it with a different name, would go on growing out from here till the whole earth was involved; the immense and murderous machine that was in operation up ahead would require more and more men to work it, more and more blood to keep it running; it was no longer in control. The cattletrucks would keep on right across the century, and when there were no more young men to fill them they would be filled with the old, and with women and children. They had fallen, he and his contemporaries, into a dark pocket of time from which there was no escape.
The symmetry of Jim and the migrating birds from Europe is heart breaking. Every year they come from afar and then return to the unknown North. Jim wonders what the other half of the bird's lives are like. Ultimately he will find the answer but at the cost of his own life. The birds take up the perilous journey to live, Jim will take it up to die. I assume the title of the story comes from the children's nursery rhyme Fly Away Peter, Fly Away Paul. Even the title stings because we know what the omission of the come back means.
Two little dicky birds sitting on a wall
One named Peter, one named Paul
Fly away, Peter, fly away, Paul
Come back, Peter, come back, Paul
Malouf also nails the mania from young men eager to sign up at the beginning of the war and the women encouraging them to do so. He perfectly sums up the more circumspect volunteers who sign up for the fear of missing out on the great event of their generation and not being able to understand it unless they are there. This is intensely felt by Jim who has a bodily understanding of everything, he is not a man of learning even though he is a man of wisdom. Jim's way of knowing is held in stark contrast to the owner of the land that Jim is warden of, Ashley. Ashley also recognises the significance of the land but doesn't understand it in the same way Jim does. He does however acknowledge Jim's importance in providing meaning to the land and thus employs him as a warden. Ashley also goes to give his life in The Great War but as an officer, due to his position in a higher class. Their fortunes in war are ultimately the same which shows death's indifference to class and character. Jim also wrestles with the approval of his father despite his strong dislike of the man. It's cruel that the only respect he gets from his father is on signing up to the war but even that feels hollow.
Jim's friend Imogen's final observation sums up his existence with it's nihilistic turn of phrase.
"That is what life meant, a unique presence, and it was essential in every creature. To set anything above it, birth, position, talent even, was to deny to all but a few among the infinite millions what was common and real, and what was also in the end, most moving. A life wasn't for anything. It simply was."
Jim chooses to leave his Eden to seek answers and to find meaning, he gets both, but at the ultimate price.