I read this book for my anthropology of Northern Plains Indians class, and the professor warned us before hand that it was a controversial novel. I can see why. A stark, realist approach is taken to dealing with issues from sexuality to violence to loss of cultural identity.
In my opinion one of the key points of this book was to criticize the social construct of masculinity. When Rudy (the main character) has his masculinity revived by the trickster spirit Iktomi he embarks on a journey of sexual conquests and vigilante violence. This journey ends up hurting everyone he loves. In burning down a liquor store that he sees as a source of poison to his people he burns his brother Mogie severely. He also drunkenly rapes his estranged wife. Other characters also demonstrate this theme, two homophobic teens rape and then murder a slightly effeminate class mate. Rudy's brother, Mogi, sexually assaults his own mother in an act of vengeance when she drunkenly embarrasses Mogi and Rudy at their proudest moment. It is only after Rudy has a cleansing ceremony that his masculinity settles down and he is able to realize the senselessness of his actions.
The other important aspect of the book is how it displays modern Indian society, on Pine Ridge Reservation. I have lived less than an hour from Pine Ridge for the past seven years and this book, unfortunately, aligns pretty will if everything I've seen and heard. Wide spread alcoholism and unemployment are the more cheerful aspects explored while spousal/child abuse and extreme violence are the more frightening. The author traces these ideas back to the loss of traditional Indian culture at the hands of whites, but carried on by the Indian's themselves.
The last thing I want to talk about is the controversial rape scenes. First of all, each rape scene in the book made me sick to my stomach. That's a good thing. The characters aren't robbed of their humanity when they commit rape, which is also a good thing. When rapists are portrayed as inhuman it trivializes rape. For instance, when I see a rape scene in Deliverance or read one in A Song of Ice and Fire (note I love these books, despite the way rape is thrown around) it has no impact on me. The act is rendered cartoonish. In Skins, on the other hand, the characters motives are shown and they even express guilt at what they've done. This is much more likely to make people who don't consider spousal rape to be a real form of rape reconsider. It's more likely to make someone realize that rape isn't just something that happens on Law and Order. It makes rape real.