Brought together by Mexican activist and documentary filmmaker Saul Alvidrez, two aged leftists—former guerilla and Uruguayan president Jose Mujica and radical scholar Noam Chomsky—discuss the scourge of global capitalism and the prospects for a future post-capitalist recovery. Alvidrez facilitated the main conversation in 2017, with follow-ups in 2022 and 2023. Originally this meeting of the minds was to be made into a film, but that project has since been canceled, per its Kickstarter page. Alvidrez is a millennial and seems a bit starstruck by these two elder giants of the Left, whom he sees as connected in how they approach politics and philosophy. Significantly, these conversations all occurred before Trump was reelected, which renders some of what is said about the 'present' and 'future' irrelevant and/or in need of reconsideration. There is a lot of talk about the continuing promise of socialism in Latin America, despite the partial rightward swing currently happening there, as it is elsewhere in the world. Mujica, who passed away in May of this year (2025), notably lived a modest existence on his farm while serving as the so-called 'poorest president in the world' from 2010 to 2015, during the 'pink tide' of left-wing political victories across Latin America. His contributions pair well with Chomsky’s Western academic style, offering a more pragmatic perspective on some of the more ideological issues under discussion. The book is divided into four main sections: Introductions; How did we get here?; Values for the twenty-first century; and Survival. So, they basically lay out all the terrible things humans have done to each other and to the Earth, and then discuss what should replace the greed, self-interest, and brutality that permeates human history. Both men place much of their hope for the future on young people, while at the same time acknowledging the colossal burden that earlier generations have passed on to them. Since these interviews, Chomsky suffered a massive stroke and has retreated from public life. Thus, this book may hold his last public words, as it likely does for Mujica. For the average informed leftist, it probably won’t blow your mind; however, as when reading one of Thich Nhat Hanh’s books, there is a clarity and deeper understanding that comes with seeing a restating and reframing of what you may already think you know, especially when it comes to translating theory into practice. Finally, the title: is it a misnomer? I actually like how open-ended it is. Not 'how to survive' or 'can we survive' but just sitting with the idea of surviving a time period that will surely hold humanity’s reckoning for its many grave mistakes.