To say that the American Revolution was a complex affair, would be an understatement of the highest order. And yet, succesive generations have allowed this complex era of history to be reduced to black and white definitions of 'good' Americans and 'bad' Brits.
Thankfully,Robert Harvey takes a shotgun to this viewpoint and brings a welcome balance to the debate.
As Harvey points out, London was to far away to rule with an iron fist. For all the talk of British repression, we learn that the colonies were the least taxed region of the Empire. In every instance, British actions to govern the colonies (including the not unreasonable stance of Americans paying for their own defence) was met with American resistance. And yet, before the revolution, American silence to the pressing questions of defence, taxation and governance, spoke volumes.
Harvey shows us that a British Parliament with a high number of American supporters, could have pushed a bill for home rule, if one had been forthcoming from the colonies. When you consider the intelluctual prowess that the founding fathers had, it is amazing that the colonies didn't present a unified front and draft a proposal up. Instead, both London and the colonies were content to muddle along with fatal consequnces.
Nor were Americans appreciative to limits placed on them by the proclamation of 1763,a British attempt to preserve the Indian nations was met with outright hostility by land greedy colonists, and the colonial elites who profited hugely from it.
Time and again, we hear Jefferson arguing for liberty and freedom, and yet, the British Army freed thousands of slaves and were keen to preserve the Indian nations as future trading partners. The Americans in contrast, practiced a scorched earth policy regarding the native tribes, and unlike the British, were reluctant to allow African Americans to fight for them.
On the military side, we see the genius of Washington snatching victory from the jaws of defeat (despite his defeats at the hands of Howe) and the disaster that was the Saratoga campaign that drove a stake into Britian's military effort.
Harvey argues that Britian didn't fuly press the war as much as it could have. Robert Clive, arguably Britian's most able general, refused to fight the colonists. Nor was the loss of the colonies a great deal - the west indies being much more lucrative.
Harvey argues that the revolution was Britian's 'Vietnam.' Much like the Americans two centuries later, Britian won most of the battles, but the lack of an end game, the rebels habit of ruling the vast hinterlands, made victory less likely for Britian. Therefore, one could argue it was British reluctance to fight (they still controlled most of the port towns at the war's end) rather than American victories, that won the war.
To be fair, the book does contain inaccuracies, but in my view, it is a welcome addition to the canon of work concerning the revolution.(less)
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