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384 pages, Hardcover
First published January 1, 2011
"Oscar is our Liszt and Bill Evans is our Chopin," commented composer Lalo Schifrim referring to the popular conception that Liszt conquered the piano while Chopin seduced it. (p.8)In order to discuss famous composers the author decided to divide famous composers into the unique groupings inspired by the ancient building blocks of earth, wind, fire and water.
Comparing Taubert and Mendelssohn, Robert Schumann explained that the former was "inspired by poems, while the latter perhaps conversely should inspire one to write poetry." (p.18)
"It's invention [the piano] was to music," he declared, "what the invention of printing was to poetry. (p.18)
"Beethoven, in his tumultuous struggles, sometimes reaches to heaven," quipped twentieth-century conductor Josef Krips. "Mozart, of course, comes from heaven." (p.33)
An ancient cosmologist might note a relationship between the four components of the piano’s sound (the percussive pop, singing diphthong, shimmering wave, and gradations of volume) and the primary building blocks of the world described by Empedocles in the fifth century BCE: earth, water, air, and fire. They are, it turns out, also convenient metaphors for describing the nature of the musical universe.The author goes on to elaborate on the artists within these groupings. He admits that that the groupings are subjective and do not have clear boundaries. The following is one short quotation that compares Bach and Beethoven.
The element of fire, for example, suits the Combustibles, figures like the turbulent Ludwig van Beethoven, rock ‘n’ roll’s Jerry Lee Lewis, and jazz avant-gardist Cecil Taylor, who bring edge-of-your-seat volatility to the keyboard, exploiting the piano’s vast dynamic range to give birth to music that can smolder and explode.
The supple nature of water suggests the quality of the Melodists, such as Romantic composer Franz Schubert, classicist J. C. Bach, and jazz pianist George Shearing, whose streams of tones suggest sinuous waves, rising and falling and curling back on themselves in soft arabesques. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who declared that melody was the basis of all musical expression, claimed it was born of our most primitive impulses crying for release. But others have compared melody to nature’s gentle geometry: the soaring arcs of birds in flight, the spirals that build nautilus shells, the graceful undulations found in desert sands.
Air befits the world of the Alchemists, musicians such as jazz pianist Bill Evans, impressionist Claude Debussy, and bebop eccentric Thelonious Monk, who are masters of atmosphere. Combining tones (and silence) in mysterious ways, they transform the mundane ingredients of musical composition into haunting, resonant worlds, like alchemists changing ordinary lead into gold. While melody seduces, alchemy entrances. (p.91-92)
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Finally, the solidity of the earth is the fundamental quality of the Rhythmitizers, like rock performer Fats Domino, Latin jazz pianist Arturo O’Farrill, and classical composer Sergei Prokofiev: musicians who take the percussive “pop” that brings every piano tone to life and place it center stage. Rhythmitizers bring the swing to jazz, the spice to salsa, and the trance to minimalism. If melody tugs at the heart, rhythm’s symphony of pulses ignites the rest of the body’s musculature with music that twitches, lurches, taps its feet, and wriggles its hips. (p. 94)
Romantic-era pianist Hans von Bulow perfectly captured Beethoven's significance when he described J. S. Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier as music's "Old Testament," and Beethoven's Piano Sonatas as its "New Testament." (p.95)The following is a comment about the neurological benefits of playing the piano which I'm not convinced is true. I can't help but wonder if students who are naturally more gifted with pattern recognition also happen to be the ones that thrive with music lessons.
Recent breakthroughs in the field of neuro-science have shown that playing the piano is good for your brain. Dr. Gottfried Schlaugh of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School spoke in 2009 at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., on the brain's "plasticity"—its capacity to change—and announced that even nine to eleven-year-old musicians show more brain activity than non musicians when performing tasks that require high levels of perceptual discrimination. Playing the piano, it turns out, is especially effective in enhancing skills in such important areas as pattern recognition and memory. (p.330)One of the many artists discussed in this book was Van Cliburn which brought many memories to mind for me. I can remember when he won the Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow in 1958 (during the Cold War). I remember my sister was particularly interested in his story—probably in the spirt of a typical teenage fan. Our family subscribed to Time Magazine, and I'm pretty sure that Van Cliburn's portrait was on one of Time's covers. Remembering my sister's piano playing and her interest in Van Cliburn are nostalgic memories that come to me with a touch of melancholia because she tragically died unexpectedly at the young age of nineteen.