I first heard of this book from Kent Beck's "eXtreme Programming Explained" (by the way, Kent Beck always provides amazing "Further Reading" lists). I'm right in the middle of a project desperately in need of optimization, so I welcome any books in this area. "Writing Efficient Programs" is a relatively short book, but which for me has the right amount of depth: Jon Bentley illustrates some simple but somewhat realistic problems, with code samples, and then proposes systematic rules that can be applied to speed things up. I especially like the organization of rules: there are things you can do to data structures, things you can change about algorithms, and particular attention you should pay to loops (which tend to be quite expensive). Yes, the book is a little dated, in particular regarding the language (Pascal) and the hardware specifics, but it has been genuinely helpful.