Studying mythology provides insights into Japanese cultural identity and the values and traditions behind it. Comprised of oral folk tales, Shinto stories and Buddhist parables, these myths have their roots in Japan, China and India. Mythology often serves as a source of sharing universal truths about morality, psychology and spirituality. By exploring myth, we not only gain a deeper appreciation for the past but also foster cross-cultural understanding and preserve cultural heritage for younger generations.
Japanese Myths is a visually pleasing guide with over 150 graphics, illustrations and photographs. Author Melanie Clegg is a freelance translator and holds a BA (Hons) in Japanese Studies from the University of Oxford. The book opens with key creation myths and with explanations of how these have been used to legitimise the ruling elite. These sections are drawn from The Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, the oldest chronicles that provide accounts of Japan's history and mythology, including significant events and the genealogies of early rulers.
In addition to outlining the overarching mythology collected in official chronicles, this guide also summarises notable deities, ghosts, creatures, parables, legends and folk tales. Each section succinctly provides cultural context and their significance today. The publishing space for Japanese short stories, myths and tales is crowded with previously published collections, but this book by Clegg is a fine contribution. What sets this book apart is Clegg's ability to blend scholarly research, travel writing and sociological analysis into one accessible and charming guide. Her summaries reflect her expertise and experiences of living in Japan, offering readers a glimpse into the nuances of Japanese culture without overstepping into personal narrative.
These myths show the origins of significant rituals, festivals and artistic expressions that continue on today. This book would be an excellent read for those making their first trip to Japan. For example, in the section on Tengu, it describes how "By the Edo period, they were regarded more as spirits that could be placated with the right rituals. Tengu might even be worshipped as beneficial kami and the deities of sacred mountains. The Shimokitazawa Tengu Matsuri, or Goblin Festival, celebrates Setsubun with a procession that includes a float featuring a huge tengu mask and people dressed up as a fearsome crow-like tengu and a red-nosed tengu."
The reader will appreciate the further explanation of how these tales were spread, such as through oral traditions or special parties for sharing ghost stories. Younger readers might enjoy that the text includes a collection of stories from online publishing ('Creepypasta') and modern curses. These additions show the enduring appeal of spooky stories across generations. I was especially moved by the sections relating to ghosts, which included stories about mothers who returned from the dead to feed their still living children and the modern reports of ghosts appearing after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami.
"I suppose it’s not that strange. So many people died in the disaster – some of them must have unfinished business. I’m sure it was a ghost that I saw. I’m not scared anymore. If I saw another customer dressed in winter garb waiting for a ride, I’d pick them up and treat them like any other passenger."
This book includes a number of translations of poems and I'm uncertain if these poems were translated by Clegg or another individual because there is no specific attribution underneath. There is a full page providing short biographies of notable translators of Japanese works, such as Lafcadio Hearn and Yei Theodora Ozaki.
Although this book covers a number of subjects that might already be familiar to those with a strong interest in Japan, it expands on these to highlight their enduring significance. Some profiles of legendary individuals touch on sensitive issues, which are a "a powerful reminder of how myth and legend can be manipulated by those who seek to use them to disseminate particular ideologies, and of how deep-rooted and insidious such beliefs can become." Significantly, this book is also distinguished from other English language publications by dedicating a fair amount of space for Ainu and Ryukyuan history and myths. These are not separated into their own section, but rather woven into the book which is mainly divided by theme.
Japanese Myths is a beautifully illustrated reference guide which covers the beliefs, customs and historical events that form the basis of Japanese society, and this is what makes it worth purchasing beyond a separate collection of translated myths. Due to its lovely presentation, this book would make a lovely gift for someone with a developing interest in Japan.
This book was provided by Amber Books for review. Amber Books is a an independent UK publisher based in London which publishes illustrated non-fiction for adults & children.