The reformation controversy over justification and church authority is presented through primary historic letters between John Calvin and Cardinal Sadoleto.
French-Swiss theologian John Calvin broke with the Roman Catholic Church in 1533 and as Protestant set forth his tenets, known today, in Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536).
The religious doctrines of John Calvin emphasize the omnipotence of God, whose grace alone saves the elect.
Originally trained as a humanist lawyer around 1530, he went on to serve as a principal figure in the Reformation. He developed the system later called Calvinism.
After tensions provoked a violent uprising, Calvin fled to Basel and published the first edition of his seminal work. In that year of 1536, William Farel invited Calvin to help reform in Geneva. The city council resisted the implementation of ideas of Calvin and Farel and expelled both men. At the invitation of Martin Bucer, Calvin proceeded to Strasbourg as the minister of refugees. He continued to support the reform movement in Geneva, and people eventually invited him back to lead. Following return, he introduced new forms of government and liturgy. Following an influx of supportive refugees, new elections to the city council forced out opponents of Calvin. Calvin spent his final years, promoting the Reformation in Geneva and throughout Europe.
Calvin tirelessly wrote polemics and apologia. He also exchanged cordial and supportive letters with many reformers, including Philipp Melanchthon and Heinrich Bullinger. In addition, he wrote commentaries on most books of the Bible as well as treatises and confessional documents and regularly gave sermons throughout the week in Geneva. The Augustinian tradition influenced and led Calvin to expound the doctrine of predestination and the absolute sovereignty of God in salvation.
Calvin's writing and preaching provided the seeds for the branch of Protestantism that bears his name. His views live on chiefly in Presbyterian and Reformed denominations, which have spread throughout the world. Calvin's thought exerted considerable influence over major figures and entire movements, such as Puritanism, and some scholars argue that his ideas contributed to the rise of capitalism, individualism, and representative democracy in the west.
Fascinating short book that shows what was at the heart of the Reformation debate: justification by faith alone and scripture being the final and sufficient source of authority. These incredibly long public letters, were written to sway the citizens of Geneva who had recently become protestant.
Sadoleto's letter is a flowery and fatherly appeal that condemns the protestant Reformers and urges the Genevans to return to the Catholic Church. John Calvin's reply is masterful as he reveals the insincerity, lies, and unbiblical beliefs of Sadoleto, and shows that their fundamental difference is that Sadoleto's ultimate authority is the Catholic Church and the Reformer's ultimate authority is God's word.
Very interesting to see the way people used to argue and debate (much more substantial than our age of tweets and soundbites)
Important for understanding the question at the center of Reformation disputes: who is a true catholic? Calvin: True catholic unity can exist only around fidelity to the unadulterated Word of God. I think he’s right.
Audiobook version is called "Calvin's Letter to Sadoleto." ASiN number is B0BG6K2VZ5. It is nowhere to be found on Goodreads though it is on Amazon. Weird.