Two hundred twenty years old yet it still has its charms.
Part history, part gossip and part social commentary, one gets the same satisfaction reading this as when he reads Dominick Dunne writing about the crimes and excesses of today's rich and famous. Having done research on her own ancestors, Edgeworth created a fictionalished servant named Thady who tells the story of the patriarchs of four generations of Rackrent heirs: one a dissipated spendthrift, another a litigating fiend, the third a brutal husband and the fourth a fool who brought the family to its final financial ruin.
Real names were not used, however, "Rackrent" actually being not a family name but an oppressive system of land use in Ireland during that time: rich landlords would entrust their vast tracts of land to middlemen who, in turn, would lease ("rack-rent") the same to small farmers at prohibitive costs. Many of these landlords were absentees, content with receiving the agreed fixed rent from their middlemen. It would just then be the latter squeezing the small farmers dry to maximize their profits.
The novel was written in English but not exactly the English that we are all familiar with today. There are quiant words, expressions, spellings and style (who the speaker is, for example, is mentioned in a parenthesis in the middle of a dialogue). It also has a Preface which, together with the main story, have footnotes. After all these, there is also a Glossary which likewise has its own footnotes. Finally, added to all these is a portion called the Commentary. Partly explaining all these, Edgeworth writes in the Preface:
"Those who were acquianted with the manners of a certain class of the gentry of Ireland some years ago, will want no evidence of the truth of honest Thady's narrative: to those who are totally un-acquianted with Ireland, the following Memoirs will perhaps be scarcely intelligible, or probably they may appear perfectly incredible. For the information of the IGNORANT English reader a few notes have been subjoined by the editor, and he had it once in contemplation to translate the language of Thady into plain English; but Thady's idiom is incapable of translation, and besides, the authenticity of his story would have been more exposed to doubt if it were not told in his own characteristic manner."
Imagine writing a novel and calling your readers IGNORANT! Ha, ha. In the Glossary, Edgeworth next acknowledged her LAZY readers:
"For the advantage of LAZY readers, who would rather read a page than walk a yard, and from compassion, not to say sympathy with their infirmity, the Editor transcribes the following passages...."
As the servant narrates the main story, Edgeworth explains with her footnotes, Glossary and Commentary. In one footnote she expounds on the difference between a "wake" in England and a "wake" in Ireland:
"A WAKE in England is a meeting avowedly for merriment--in Ireland, it is a nocturnal meeting avowedly for the purpose of watching and bewailing the dead; but in reality for gossiping and debauchery."
Not content with this short footnote, she elaborates further in the Glossary:
"A wake, in England, means a festival held upon the anniversay of the Saint of the parish. At these wakes rustic games, rustic conviviality, and rustic courtship, are pursued with all the ardour and all the appetite, which accompany such pleasures as occur but seldom.--In Ireland a wake is a midnight meeting, held professedly for the indulgence of holy sorrow, but usually it is converted into orgies of unholy joy. When an Irish man or woman of the lower order dies, the straw which composed his bed, whether it has been contained in a bag to form a mattress, or simply spread upon the earthen floor, is immediately taken out of the house, and burned before the cabin door, the family at the same time setting up the death howl. The ears and eyes of the neighbours being thus alarmed, they flock to the house of the deceased, and by their vociferous sympathy excite and at the same time sooth the sorrows of the family.
"It is curious to observe how good and bad are mingled in human institutions. In countries which were thinly inhabited, this custom prevented private attempts against the lives of individuals, and formed a kind of Coroner's inquest upon the body which had recently expired, and burning the straw upon which the sick man lay became a simple preservative against infection. At night the dead body is waked, that is to say, all the friends and neighbours of the deceased collect in a barn or stable, where the corpse is laid upon some boards, or an unhinged door supported upon stools, the face exposed, the rest of the body covered with a white sheet. Round the body are stuck in brass candlesticks, which have been borrowed perhaps at five miles distance, as many candles as the poor person can beg or borrow, observing always to have an odd number. Pipes and tobacco are first distributed, and then according to the ABILITY of the deceased, cakes and ale, and sometimes whiskey, are DEALT to the company.
"'Deal on, deal on, my merry men all,
"'Deal on your cakes and your wine,
"'For whatever is dealt at her funeral to-day
"'Shall be dealt to-morrow at mine.'
"After a fit of universal sorrow, and the comfort of universal dram, the scandal of the neighbourhood, as in higher circles, occupy the company. The young lads and lasses romp with one another, and when the fathers and mothers are at last overcome with sleep and whiskey, ...the youth become more enterprizing and are frequently successful. It is said that more matches are made at wakes than at weddings."
Ay, you should read this and find out also what they do with their wigs during those times in Ireland!