How did the interplay between class and ethnicity play out within the working class during the Gilded Age? Richard Jules Oestreicher illuminates the immigrant communities, radical politics, worker-employer relationships, and the multiple meanings of workers' affiliations in Detroit at the end of the nineteenth century.
Richard J. Oestreicher, Solidarity and Fragmentation; Working People and Class Consciousness in Detroit, 1875-1900 (1986) 1. There was a working class sub-culture of opposition 2. Strikes and marches indicated its existence 3. Its roots lay in W.C. experiences that gave them solidarity to overcome fragmentation