The book starts with a presentation of deliberative democracy versus aggregative democracy. Then a description of rethoric is made, as essential part of the communication required in democracies. The author follows with notes on the politics of difference, not to be confused with identity politics. Politics of difference is about different social strata competing for power, for resources, and ideas or policies. These different groups have different perspectives on the same issues, and find harder to see the things from a different perspective than theirs, though not impossible. Representation is then covered with the author claiming that despite its critics, representation is still the only possible way in democracies. Next, the author talks about civil society and associative democracy, which can be centralized, but also decentralized, as envisioned by Paul Hirst. An associative democracy would be the organization of society in associations, with the state being slowly transfered towards these associations, which have a closer understanding of the situation of their constituting people. People would voluntarily join these associations, and these associations would be sponsored by taxes, as is the state now.