Political intrigue following the death of Herod the Great, including the rule of Herod Antipas, his divorce of the Nabatean princess, Phasaelis,
daughter of King AretasIV and marriage of his brother, Herod Philip's wife, Herodias. Herod Antipas (Herod the Great's son), Tetrarch of Galilee was expelled to Gaul by Caligula. Agrippa, Herod the Great's grandson rules as last king of Judea.
Herod the Great was made King of the Jews by Mark Anthony. His wife Mariamne was granddaughter of King Hycanus of the Macabeans or Hasmoneans. He had her murdered.
Decapolis-group of 10 largely Greek centers ruled by the legate in Antioch
Messiah is Jewish, Christ is the Greek word. Christian was the name given to the Nazerenes in Antioch. Antioch was the capital of Ancient Syria and the leading city of the Roman East in the area now known as southern Turkey. In Rome they were known as "The Followers of Chrestus"
Aramaic was the language of the Galileans, Hebrew in the synagogues and Greek throughout the area.
Prochorus was one of the Seven Deacons were leaders elected by the Early Christian church to minister to the people of Jerusalem.
paschal lamb-among the ancient Hebrews, the lamb slain and eaten at the Passover, among Christians, Jesus Christ
Palmyra was called Tadmor when Abrham stopped there. Alexander the Geat made it a military base.
Parthians-Roman name for Persians.
Machaerus-Herod the Great's fortress in Jordan along the King's Highway and where Herod Antipas had John the Baptist beheaded..
Ahura Mazdā (also known as Ohrmazd, Ahuramazda, Hormazd,and Aramazd) is the name for a divinity of the Old Iranian religion who was proclaimed the uncreated God by Zoroaster, the founder of Zoroastrianism. Ahura Mazda is described as the highest deity of worship in Zoroastrianism. The so-called Light of the World.
Dusares, was an aniconic deity in the ancient Middle East worshipped by the Nabataeans at Petra
The Pax Romana, or Roman Peace, is a Latin term referring to the Empire in its glorified prime. From the end of the Republican civil wars, beginning with the accession of Augustus in 27 BC, this era in Roman history lasted until 180 AD and the death of Marcus Aurelius.
Baiae was a Roman seaside resort on the Bay of Naples. Caligula's palyground.
Mithras-cult where initiate was put naked into a pit and a bull was sacrificed over him baptizing him in blood.(taurobolium), cleansing him of past sins and allowing him to born anew.
Herod the Great and descendants were Jews only by forcible adoption after their conquest by the Hasmoneans in 167BC. His homeland was Idumea, a tribal state to the south of Judea.His father Antipater servd in the military under the Hasmoneans.He switched alliagence to Rome after Judea was defeated by Pompei's legions. After fighting with Julius Caesar he was granted Roman Citezenship and became procurator of Judea.