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The Best Schools (text only) by D. Elkind T. Armstrong

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The Best How Human Development Research Should Inform Educational Practice [Paperback]Thomas Armstrong (Author) David Elkind (Foreword)

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First published November 1, 2006

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5 stars
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Displaying 1 - 13 of 13 reviews
Profile Image for Alin.
2 reviews2 followers
September 18, 2014
Dalam buku ini Thomas Armstrong – yang telah lebih dulu dikenal melalui buku Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom (terjemahan dalam Bahasa Indonesia Sekolah Para Juara) - membandingkan antara dua pandangan (diskursus) dalam dunia pendidikan formal, yaitu pandangan yang berorientasi pada pencapaian akademik (academic achievement discourse) dan pandangan yang berorientasi pada perkembangan manusia (human development discourse).
Academic achievement discourse adalah pilihan yang jamak diterapkan saat ini, di tengah-tengah ketatnya persyaratan penguasaan kemampuan akademik sebagai alat ukur keberhasilan siswa dan sekolah sebagai suatu institusi. Dicontohkan Armstrong, di Amerika Serikat undang-undang pendidikan No Child Left Behind (2001) mengharuskan ujian nasional tahunan bagi siswa dalam mata pelajaran literasi (reading), matematika dan sains. Selain itu sekolah wajib memenuhi target pencapaian secara bertahap (Adequate Yearly Progress - AYP) hingga tahun 2014 saat semua siswa harus memenuhi standar akademik (proficiency). Sekolah yang tidak berhasil akan terancam ditutup, diambil alih oleh pemerintah atau pihak swasta yang sukses menjalankan program AYP.Pandangan yang berorientasi akademik ini memiliki berbagai konsekuensi negatif, misalnya meningkatnya praktik-praktik kecurangan oleh siswa maupun sekolah, sistem belajar yang berorientasi pada tes serta pengabaian terhadap kurikulum yang sesuai dengan tahap perkembangan manusia (developmentally appropriate).
Di sisi lain, Armstrong menawarkan konsep pendidikan yang berorientasi pada perkembangan manusia (human development discourse). Istilah itu serta-merta menunjukkan bahwa konsep ini memberikan penekanan besar bagi manusia (human), alih-alih akademik, karena menjadi manusia seutuhnya adalah aspek terpenting dalam pendidikan. Jika diterapkan dengan benar pendekatan ini memiliki banyak konsekuensi positif bagi siswa, di antaranya melibatkan siswa dalam pembelajaran yang menyiapkan mereka untuk hidup di dunia nyata, memungkinkan siswa untuk menunjukkan kemampuan terbaik di bidang yang menjadi kekuatan mereka, mengurangi pelabelan yang bersifat negatif pada siswa, serta meningkatkan praktik pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan usia siswa (developmentally appropriate).
Paruh kedua buku ini memberi gambaran bagaimana menerapkan human development discourse di sekolah. Armstrong membeberkan apa yang semestinya menjadi fokus pedagogi di setiap jenjang pendidikan. Di Taman Kanak-kanak, pendidikan harus dirancang dari kegiatan bermain. Artinya, dalam tahap ini pembelajaran bermula dari dan diarahkan oleh siswa itu sendiri. Guru membangun kurikulum di seputar dan melalui apa yang menjadi ketertarikan anak. Di level Sekolah Dasar, pendidikan harus berfokus pada membantu siswa memahami bagaimana dunia bekerja dengan cara secara aktif melibatkan mereka dalam kegiatan dalam kehidupan nyata. Sekolah Menengah Pertama semestinya menekankan pada perkembangan sosial, emosional dan metakognitif. Terakhir, jenjang Sekolah Menengah Atas wajib menyiapkan siswa untuk hidup mandiri di dunia nyata. Tak hanya teori, Armstong juga menyajikan berbagai contoh pendekatan dan model sekolah yang mengaplikasikan pendidikan yang berorientasi pada perkembangan manusia serta praktik-praktik yang sesuai dengan usia perkembangan siswa.
Buku ini sangat relevan bagi dunia pendidikan di Indonesia yang juga memuja pencapaian akademik dengan diterapkannya berbagai tes standar dan Ujian Nasional sebagai “gong”nya. Bagi pendidik buku ini dapat menjadi inspirasi bagaimana menerapkan praktik pendidikan yang sesuai dengan usia perkembangan dan berorientasi pada siswa. Kalaupun tidak sepenuhnya berhasil, setidaknya kita (kembali) diingatkan bahwa prestasi akademik bukanlah yang terpenting dalam membangun manusia seutuhnya.
Profile Image for Naomi te Wildt.
123 reviews1 follower
June 10, 2023
The focus of this book is the drawbacks of focusing on standardized testing in elementary school. It also covers other topics, such as the drawbacks of treating middle schoolers as if they are “old elementary school, students” or “young high school students” And comparing and contrasting the Montessori method, Waldorf schools, and other educational methods. But given so much of the book is about the drawbacks of the 2001 US “no child left behind” policy, this book feels dated, but I am not finding a lot of books on this subject, so I gave it a read.
Profile Image for Tracie  Nicole .
577 reviews33 followers
December 3, 2016
3.5

I read this for my school reform class. I felt that Armstrong had many good ideas. For instance, I agreed that we should put more emphasis on Human Development (including character development) and how to be a good citizen. I also liked some of his ideas on how children should learn at each stage; I particularly liked his middle and high school ideas.

However, I also found Armstrong to be very arbitrary. His entire stance was very black and white and left little wiggle room. To him, it seemed Academic Achievement Discourse was bad on all levels and the only way to go was down the Human Development side. It also seemed he left few options for some children that may be struggling or even be academically gifted. I personally saw some advantages of both systems and believe that on some level and in moderation they can both be used to help our children learn. I think that ultimately, it should be up to the students' personalities and up to the teacher (who should make sure to know their students and their ways of thinking) to decide what courses should be taken in the classroom and how. best to teach and help each other.
50 reviews3 followers
May 24, 2015
A mixed bag book. The ideas on high school were fabulous, basically echoing my ideas that it is now redundant, that I'd doesn't prepare students well for further study and doesn't prepare them we'll for real life either. The middle school section is not too bad, showing a focus on connecting learning to the real world and allowing middle schoolers more hands on learning. Some wonderful quotes in this section. It's the early years section that had the stars deducted from it. This is one of those ALL or NOTHING books about play based or academic instruction. This book sides with the play based crowd. My issue with this is purely that at is need no be an all or nothing debate. Play based curriculums can include academics. In fact some of the ex pamphlets they gave did but the author failed to see it as such. The references to Reggio inspired learning were accurate and the highlight of the early years chapter. Emergent curriculums are a fantastic way to use a play based environment to teach real academics through play and children's interests.
Profile Image for Tracey.
788 reviews2 followers
April 21, 2016
I found this book to be very informative. The author points out the many practices that have positive and negative effects on student learning, testing, rigor and standards, and how we leave the importance of growing up out of the educational system. After reading this book, I want to start my own school, now!
Profile Image for Mr. B.
16 reviews
October 29, 2007
A powerful critique of our current education discourse that is dominated by talk of academic acheivement (as relating to testing and test scores).
Armstrong effectively outlines a case to refocus our language as educators back to the issues/values that really matter.
Profile Image for Renay.
86 reviews
October 6, 2008
Great overview that illustrates how schools should be organized based on the developmental needs of the learner.
Profile Image for Jeanie Phillips.
454 reviews11 followers
February 7, 2017
This is an excellent primer on human development discourse in schools: the what, the why, the how.
Displaying 1 - 13 of 13 reviews

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