John Updike is widely recognised as one of the great modern novelists, based largely on the critical reputation of his Rabbit tetrad - Rabbit, Run (1960), Rabbit Redux (1971), Rabbit Is Rich (1981), and Rabbit At Rest (1990), the last two for which he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1982 and 1991 - and the not-well-known but outstanding novel Couples (1968), about a group of Tarbox professional families who represented middle-income America of the '60s. I have read the first Rabbit novel, which loosely referenced Updike's school and college years in Pennsylvania - and was not impressed. However, Couples, widely believed to be based on Ipswich, Massachusetts, on the north-east coast, where Updike moved with his family in the '60s, was a superb portraiture of middle-class America, and a kind of modern flagship for middle American liberal lifestyle, values and behaviours, with its 'eclectic sexuality and bravura narcissism' (p.167), its religious guilt, and its sheer comfortable American utopian luxury - plus something else. Updike stands easily among those who have painted the American landscape of that era, literal, political, social, psychological, sexual: Mailer, Bellow, Roth, DeLillo, coming to mind; Updike is unarguably the best, certainly the most readable.
So naturally, this selection of stories from the mid-Sixties references both these milieu, from the reminiscence of college football games and the gaggle of mysterious girls they escorted home afterwards ('In Football Season') to the odd portraiture of historical America - European and earlier Native Indian - in 'The Indian', another, oblique view of Tarbox. It helps if you've read some of Updike before, because you not only get the referencing, but the depth of the otherwise fleeting impressionism which was at the heart of a lot of Updike's world and writing. Having spent some time (literarily, not literally) in Tarbox in my late teens and ten years ago, I feel a great attachment to the place, which he evokes in these short stories with acute turns of phrase that draw out the realism of their brief surveys - the hairy wrists of the men counting the money from the football game (p.12); the reminiscence of the elderly clergyman's daughter as a girl in a gingham dress (p.19); the 'famished' sun (p.30) - and rekindle my memories of a kind of wondrous spell amongst the saints and sinners of Tarbox during that visit in Couples.
If Updike was postmodernist, it was towards the experimental end of his writing time (Gertrude and Claudius (2000), for which 'Four Sides Of One Story' might have been a run-up; Seek My Face (2002)). Earlier, it was only in the ouroboros-like selfish thinking of his characters, rather than in the structure of his form. Couples, that first Rabbit novel, are modernist in their linearity and conventional framework: the interiority of the individual within the foundational structure of the family within the close community of the American middle-class within the hierarchical capitalist utopia, on the cusp of that transitional period in the shift away from mass production towards finance capitalism which exploded in the '80s, and of which we see its destruction in the near-future dystopian America of the gloomy Toward The End Of Time (1997).
In these stories, Tarbox is as much a home of plastic toy manufacture as it is a summer retreat for its seasonal migrant population as it is for its Boston-commuting financial services rich. But it also has its drop-outs, its homeless, its peripheral old colonial vestigials, its girls in beachwear and boys in skiffs. It lives, as I think Updike's fondest memories did, in the Tarbox of the '60s, a time when he was full of the bright optimism of a young family man making a living from the thing he loved in a bright new prosperous setting away from the city, a decade of optimism and optimistic agitation in a country entrenched in republican ultra-conservatism and sinister military-industrial hegemonic machinations. Tarbox is the sheen on the soap bubble of American opulence - but it is also a bright, colourful section-slice of America as a nation at the time.
Equally, because many of these stories are reminiscences, reminiscences are essentially ouroboros-like. As Updike expresses in 'The Music School', the short story: 'Vision, timidly, becomes percussion, percussion becomes music, music becomes emotion, emotion becomes - vision.' (p.148). Similarly, with reminiscences, an image triggers a memory, the memory becomes a layer of life, that layer of life represents an emotion, or series of emotions - something gained, something lost, something symbolic, something still alive, or something frozen in time - which is captured by images. There is, in memories, in reminiscences, something pictorial, strung on threads of emotion.
There is also a lightness to the stories which again reinforces that sense of brightness of the world Updike paints, a certain amused confidence in its foibles and eccentricities, evident immediately ('In Football Season'), looked at askance ('The Indian', 'The Hermit'), brightly comic ('Giving Blood'), absurdly farcical ('A Madman'), sadly lonely ('Leaves', 'The Dark'); soaked with terrible lost longing ('The Stare', 'The Morning'), absurdly dramatic ('Four Sides Of One Story', 'At A Bar In Charlotte Amalie' - too absurd to engage), strangely petulant ('The Christian Roommates', 'The Rescue'), falsely staged ('Avec la Bébé-Sitter', 'Twin Beds In Rome', 'My Lover Has Dirty Fingernails'), wistfully metaphysical ('Harv Is Ploughing Now'), of autobiographical circumflexion ('The Bulgarian Poetess'), profoundly optimistic ('The Family Meadow', 'The Music School'). You can see why this collection is named after its deepest musing.
If these brief and disparate reminiscences don't inspire you to read more of Updike - and, appropriately, the right novel first! - then you have come about him the wrong way round. Read Couples, and one of the Rabbit novels (perhaps start with the later couple), and then come back to these stories. Your endeavour and patience will be richly rewarded. Of his generation of writers, who were also commentators on American culture, Updike is the most attractive. Because he brings 'something else' to his pictures of the period, and I can only define that as a form of lasting optimism, a brightness to the sky, whatever its backdrop.