"On my desk as I write are a small bowl of snowdrops and a vase filled with sprigs of daphne, a delicate flowering shrub. Both are bursting with life, the sap flowing freely, straining to fill every bud, stretching every leaf, saturating the air with scent, each its own unique blooming self. They are flourishing. Each of us too has the same instinctive urge to grow and thrive, to feel our life energy stretch and fill every corner of our selves, to reach some high point of self-realization. When we manage to do that, we feel happy."💫
"We mobilize our best self in response to challenge. Sometimes the challenge is positive — an exciting new opportunity, a sudden good turn in our fortunes that opens up new possibilities. But it is remarkable how often our best self is mobilized not in a situation of plenty or ease but in response to a crisis of one kind or another —a health setback, a failed relationship, a family emergency, the loss of a job, or a business crisis. Now, we have to rise to that challenge, to find a way to keep going, to turn things around.
While you have to deal with challenges of one kind or another all the
time, you only thrive when you own the challenge in a personal way. A crisis may be brewing for a long time or it can come as a bolt from the blue. It may take a while for you to fully appreciate what is happening. But there is always a particular moment when you decide to take it on and to see it through. That is the ‘kairos’ moment.
The Ancient Greeks had two words for time: ‘chronos’ and ‘kairos’. Chronos is ordinary time — the time of the day, the stage you are at in life, the way you measure how events unfold. Kairos is a deeply personal sense of time, a realization that this is the right time, the opportune moment to respond to something. It is the moment when, as philosopher Viktor Frankl describes it, you stop asking why life has thrown this particular challenge your way, and instead ask yourself: What is life now expecting of me?? That is a very profound change of perspective."
"When you take on a challenge, by definition you submit yourself to the demands of that responsibility. But, paradoxically, once you do that you experience a surge of inner freedom. That’s because the act of making the choice, of going for something, releases you to direct all your energy towards the target and frees you from ambivalence and anxiety. With the die cast, you feel more in charge of your own destiny, better able to manage yourself and to resist pressures from others, and more likely to judge yourself by your own personal standards.
The result is that you feel you are moving forward in a way that feels right, that you are operating out of your real and true self, that you are living your life, not some version of somebody else’s life. Hardly surprising, then, that when you experience this kind of autonomy you feel very happy.”
"Wisdom, he says, is about understanding the ‘fundamental pragmatics of life’, being able to link the lessons you have learned from very different domains in life; knowing something about the essence of the human condition and the ways to best manage it. It is a rich mix of practical experience; of insight about how people behave; of tolerance of other people and their opinions (mainly as a result of learning from your own mistakes); of recognizing the inherent complexity and uncertainty in life. It is recognizing the limits of your ability to understand and predict things and still being able to positively manage that uncertainty."
"The desire to grow and develop fully as a person is deep within our nature. But that need has been greatly amplified by two powerful and related movements shaping the world we live in. First, there is pressure like never before to take individual responsibility for our lives, to define for ourselves who we are, and what we want to do with our lives. We don’t ‘inherit’ a life any more: we are expected to make it for ourselves."
"The fundamental drivers of positivity and negativity in your life are emotions — how your brain reacts emotionally to the things that happen to you. Emotions are your instant decisions about what is important, so they affect every aspect of your existence. They determine what you pay attention to; how you think; the meaning you put on-events; and even what you remember. They affect how you make judgements of right and wrong; how you make decisions, particularly in complex situations; what you consider important and valuable; and how you judge risk. Emotions shape your intimate life, your relationships, the networks and organizations you work in. They mould your identity; galvanize you into action; determine which goals you work for, and what kind of life you have."
"The way the amygdala works — laying down emotional memories consciously and unconsciously; working by loose association with stored memories; and reacting as if the present were the same as the past — helps explain why childhood experiences, even forgotten ones, can continue to affect you well into adult life. A young child is vulnerable and dependent for its survival on its relationship with its parents and caretakers. Thus, experiences with your parents that aroused a lot of emotion — positive, but especially negative — are laid down in a particularly vivid way, as are the reaction patterns you had to those experiences. That is also why in adult life when you are confronted by people or situations that, consciously or unconsciously, remind you of one of your parents, or of significant childhood experiences, you may automatically react in the same way you did as a child."
"While each of these emotions operates differently, what they share is this: they trigger the urge to engage with life, to become pleasurably absorbed in experience, to be open, receptive and alert to possibilities. At the most basic level, the function of positive emotions is to encourage us to approach things, to engage with new things, new people, new situations, to rise to challenge and to keep going in the face of setbacks — key components of flourishing."
"When you experience a positive emotion, it opens your mind and your heart. It puts you in a more receptive frame of mind. It triggers patterns of thought that are more broad-ranging, flexible, unusual, creative and inclusive. When you feel positive, you can immediately think of many more things that you would like to do in comparison to when you feel negative. You can express feeling happy in many ways. In contrast, when you feel sad or unhappy, it is hard to motivate yourself to do anything except think about your troubles."
"No matter how intelligent and skilled you are, if you entertain serious doubt about your efficacy, it undermines your ability to accomplish anything."
"Positive emotions stretch your immediate mental space to include your longer-term goals so that you are less enslaved to the moment and more strategic about the future, less likely to be swept up by immediate emotions and perceptions, and readier to keep a more balanced perspective on how to react."
"You need to feel you are somebody and that your life matters. Much of this psychological work is done through creating a life narrative. Your overall narrative of “who I am’ is a combination of the story you tell yourself about yourself, the stories that important others tell you about you, and the stories you act out in your life.
Many of these stories about your identity are constructed around significant people and roles in your life — your parents, your siblings, your partner in life, your children, your friends and your colleagues. You create a particular ‘self’ in relation to each. These are the many ‘selves’ to which William James referred, and you may experience yourself quite differently in each.
All of these different stories and selves have been shaped by repeated interactions with others and most of the time a particular self is activated automatically. So, for example, in the presence of an authority figure, you may automatically activate the ‘me as daughter’ self. When faced with a challenge, you may activate the ‘me as high achiever’ self. The more often you activate a particular self, the more dominant it becomes, becoming your ‘typical self’. That is how your experiences of being loved or rejected, encouraged or criticized, get played out automatically again and again in your life — either helping you to flourish, or keeping you in a cycle of languishing.’ This life narrative can be profoundly shaken by major setbacks, and by loss. But, most importantly, it can also be rewritten in a way that helps you flourish under fire."
"A well-developed interest or hobby can provide you with a valued identity and an opportunity to be at your personal best — an identity that is not dependent on family or on work. You can be a different person, and sometimes that is a vast relief from those other workaday ‘selves’.
"In order to thrive, human beings have to keep setting and pursuing goals. At the most fundamental level, your brain is a machine designed to pursue goals and to monitor what progress you are making in achieving them. In fact, the essence of intelligence is the pursuit of goals in the face of obstacles. “Without goals,’ says Steven Pinker, ‘the very concept of intelligence is meaningless.”
"But what we say are our values are sometimes not the real values that motivate how we act. The real values may be hidden, even from ourselves. Most values — conscious or otherwise — originate from three sources: early experiences in the family, early experiences of personal success, and early experiences of loss or deprivation. It helps to clarify what your real values are if you ask yourself three questions.
1. When you were a child, what was the most reliable way to get your parents’ attention, love and respect?
2. What brought you your biggest successes, particularly in early adolescence as you tried to establish yourself as your own person?
3. What did you feel most deprived of in childhood and adolescence?
"If you reliably got your parents’ attention (positive or negative), approval and love by achievement, then achievement is likely to be high up in your value hierarchy. Or it may have been helping others, or being well behaved and conscientious, or always trying to please. As a child, you do what you can to survive — and your parents’ attention, approval and love are what you need to survive. Gradually, all these early survival behaviours become transformed into your values."
"One of the greatest obstacles to confident and successful action in any domain of life is ambivalence — simultaneously ‘wanting’ and ‘not wanting’ to do something. Ambivalence fatally traps your energy and generates a host of negative feelings — anxiety, guilt, resentment, boredom, annoyance at yourself. These feelings are reflected, in turn, in half-hearted action or inertia. Making a commitment, on the other hand, mobilizes all your internal resources to respond — including your will, your thoughts, your feelings, your memory, your creativity. It brings a sense of coherence and internal unity, as all your energies are now heading in the same direction."
"We can all too easily become trapped in a blur of ‘busyness’ that is disconnected from any vital purpose or intention, or we may feel trapped by inertia. We are all susceptible to feeling like a stick in a river — either caught up in an uncontrollable current, or stuck going round and round in a sluggish eddy. Having deliberate life projects provides us with a boat, complete with oars or an engine, which we can use to navigate the river and get to where we want to go."