Mis on kultuuriajalugu?

What is History?

by Peter Burke, Triinu Pakk (Tõlkija)

Peter Burke on tõenäoliselt tuntuim kultuuriajaloolane tänapäeval ja tema „Mis on kultuuriajalugu?” usutavasti üks parimaid sissejuhatusi kultuuriajaloo uurimisse. See raamat on asendamatu teejuht kõigile lugejaile, kes otsivad kultuuri ja ajaloo tähendust meie kadunud minevikus ja rahutus tänapäevas.

Burke’i raamat esitab ülevaate kultuuriajaloo kui omaette ajaloodistsipliini kujunemisest alates 19. sajandist, peatub pikemalt ‘uue kultuuriajaloo’ sünnil ja selle taotlustel 20. sajandi viimastel kümnenditel ning arutleb kultuuriajaloo väljavaadet üle uuel aastatuhandel.

Peter Burke (sünd. 1937) on Cambridge’i ülikooli kultuuriajaloo emeriitprofessor, kelle loomingu põhiosa on pühendatud varauusaegse Euroopa kultuuriajaloole. Väga viljaka teadlasena on tema püsivaks huviks on olnud Itaalia renessansikultuur, sellele lisaks on ta süvitsi tegelenud varauusaegse Euroopa rahvakultuuri, kommunikatsiooni, visuaalkultuuri, argikäitumise jpt. teemade uurimisega.

Teose on eesti keelde tõlkinud Triinu Pakk, pikema sissejuhatusega varustanud Marek Tamm ning see ilmus TLÜ kirjastuse sarjas Gigantum Humeris.

Genres: History, Nonfiction, Theory, Academic, Anthropology, Philosophy, Cultural Studies

223 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 2004

About the author

Peter Burke is a British historian and professor. He was educated by the Jesuits and at St John's College, Oxford, and was a doctoral candidate at St Antony's College. From 1962 to 1979, he was part of the School of European Studies at Sussex University, before moving to the University of Cambridge, where he holds the title of Professor Emeritus of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College. Burke is celebrated as a historian not only of the early modern era, but one who emphasizes the relevance of social and cultural history to modern issues. He is married to Brazilian historian Maria Lúcia Garcia Pallares-Burke.

Reviews

[Olethros · Rating 4 out of 5]

-Sobre una disciplina minoritaria desde lo “aislado” pero que cada vez tiñe más a otras y en varios sentidos.-

Género. Ensayo.

Lo que nos cuenta. El libro ¿Qué es la historia cultural? (publicación original: What is Cultural History?, 2004) es un acercamiento a la Historia Cultural, su concepto e intenciones, sus inicios, las evoluciones que ha sufrido en su corta carrera como corriente propia, sus vertientes más dominantes y las derivas que está tomando entre autores, investigadores y ensayistas.

¿Quiere saber más de este libro, sin spoilers? Visite:

http://librosdeolethros.blogspot.com/...

[Cee · Rating 4 out of 5]

Good textbook on culture history, showing how the discipline has evolved in the last few decades. Has relatively little actual methodology, but it features many key works and thinkers so you can easily learn what to read next.

[Jens · Rating 4 out of 5]

I think this book is a great introduction for anyone just interested in history, studying history or writing a paper with a focus on cultural history. Burke traces the origins of the, so it seems/seemed, dominant branch of historical research at the time of the release of this book (even though it is still a major aspect in current academic research, I wouldn't call it dominant anymore), back to it's 'founding fathers'.
Starting with the heroes Burckhardt, Huizinga, Weber and Elias, working through the more anthropological period and ending with the postmodern influences. Burke not only gives a chronological overview, but also lays a finger on the biggest problems which the researchers of cultural history face, and how to possibly overcome them.
Burke ends the book with the possible future of this branch of historical study.
The explanations are clear, the writing is transparent and in my opinion Burke touches on all the important issues within the very wide range of cultural history.

[Kowsar Bagheri · Rating 4 out of 5]

در ابتدای کتاب مقدمه‌ی نسبتاً مفصلی از مترجم‌ها (نعمت‌الله فاضلی و مرتضی قلیج) اومده که به این موارد به‌اختصار می‌پردازن: ایده‌های نظری پیتر برک، بستر معرفتی و اجتماعی تکوین و توسعه‌ی تاریخ فرهنگی، نظریه‌ی اجتماعی و تاریخ فرهنگی، فرهنگ و تاریخ فرهنگی، تاریخ تاریخ فرهنگی (مرحله‌ی کلاسیک، مرحله‌ی تاریخ اجتماعی هنر از دهه‌ی ۱۹۳۰، مرحله‌ی کشف تاریخ فرهنگ عامه‌پسند از دهه‌ی ۱۹۶۰ و مرحله‌ی تاریخ فرهنگی جدید یا همون NCH)، معرفت‌شناسی و روش‌شناسی تاریخ فرهنگی، تاریخ فرهنگی و مطالعات فرهنگی، تاریخ فرهنگی و تاریخ فرهنگ.
اولین فصل به نام «سنت کبیر» به مرحله‌ی کلاسیک تاریخ فرهنگی می‌پردازه که حد فاصل ۱۸۰۰ تا ۱۹۵۰ میلادی رو شامل می‌شه. کتاب «تمدن در عصر رنسانس ایتالیا» بوکهارت و کتاب «پاییز قرون وسطا» یوهان هویزینگا رو راهگشاترین کتاب‌های مرحله‌ی کلاسیک می‌دونه. همچنین به گروه محققینی که در کتابخونه‌ی شخصی واربرگ جمع می‌شدن و بعدها در دیاسپورای بزرگ به‌خاطر به‌قدرت‌رسیدن هیلتر، به امریکا و بریتانیا پناهنده می‌شن اشاره می‌کنه و درباره‌ی تأثیراتشون می‌گه
جالبه که توجه به «فرهنگ عامه» از اواخر قرن هجدهم و از آلمان و از سوی انسان‌شناسان صورت می‌گیره و بعدها از ۱۹۶۰ به بعد توجه مورخان به این موضوع جلب می‌شه. و خیلی جالب‌تره که به «کارگاه تاریخ» هم اشاره می‌کنه. «کارگاه تاریخ» تحت هدایت رافائل ساموئل در مرکز راسکین دانشگاه آکسفورد بود که به دانشجویان طبقه‌ی کارگر اختصاص داشت و اساساً این محفل تحت تأثیر کتاب شکل‌گیری طبقه‌ی کارگر انگلستان تامپسون شکل گرفت.
در فصل دوم تحت عنوان «مسائل تاریخ فرهنگی» به این مسائل می‌پردازه: بازبینی کلاسیک‌ها، مفهوم «معاصربودگی نامعاصران» بلوخ، نقدهای مارکسیست‌ها، مسائل تاریخ فرهنگی مارکسیستی، پاردوکس‌های سنت‌های فرهنگی، نقد فرهنگ عامه و چیستی فرهنگ.
در فصل به نام «موعد انسان‌شناسی تاریخی» در مورد نظریه‌ی ساختارگرایی لوی اشتروس و نظریه‌ی تفسیر فرهنگی کلیفورد گیرتز بحث می‌کنه، و همچنین در مورد اینکه تاریخ فرهنگی اساساً یک‌نوع مردم‌نگاری گذشته‌محور. در ادامه‌ی این فصل توضیحاتی درباره‌ی تاریخ خُرد / Micro History و روش‌شناسی‌ این مکتب ارائه می‌کنه. تاریخ خُرد در دهه‌ی ۱۹۷۰ توسط سه مورخ ایتالیایی (کارلو گینزبرگ، جیوانی لوی و ادواردو گرندی) آغاز شد و در واقع نتیجه‌ی تضارب آرای تاریخ و انسان‌شناسی بوده. در آخر این فصل به مطالعات پسااستعماری و فمینیسم هم خیلی کوتاه می‌پردازه.
در فصل چهارم تحت عنوان «پارادایمی جدید؟» به آرای باختین، الیاس، فوکو و بوردیو و تأثیری که نظریاتشون بر NCH داشته، می‌پردازه. در این فصل همچنین اشاراتی به مفهوم «عملکرد» و مفهوم «بازنمایی» تاریخ بدن، تاریخ فرهنگ مادی، تاریخ حافظه و انقلاب در تاریخ فرهنگی اشاراتی داره.
در فصل پنجم به نام «از بازنمایی به برساخت» به این مسائل می‌پردازه: پیدایش برساخت‌گرایی، برساخت طبقه، برساخت جنسیت، برساخت اجتماعات، برساخت سلطنت مطلقه، برساخت هویت‌های فردی و غیره می‌پردازه.
اسم فصل آخر «فراسوی چرخش فرهنگی»ـه ولی دیگه حال ندارم به‌خدا بنویسم. مریض هم شده‌م و می‌دونم انقدی هم که نوشتمم هفلهشته. خلاصه که در مجموع کتاب مفیدی بود برام. سپاس.
پ.ن: پژوهشکده‌ی تاریخ اسلام ویراستار و صفحه‌آرا که سهله، واقعاً نمی‌خواد حتی یه نمونه‌خوان بگیره؟

[Sara Fritz]

Não é que eu escolhi ler esse livro, eu fui OBRIGADA a ler esse livro.

[Wouter · Rating 3 out of 5]

This was a good overview of the development of cultural history and I was introduced to a great deal of scholars and texts I hadn't previously heard of. On the other hand, I felt like this book tried to cram as many titles in as possible, which made Burke's elaborations a bit vague and incomplete. I was also disappointed with the absence of concepts like intersectionality and disability studies, but all in all this was a solid read.

[Nicole · Rating 2 out of 5]

It was an interesting topic but the book was only ok.

[Peter · Rating 3 out of 5]

This introduction tries to avoid the pitfalls of a) deterministic social approaches to history and b) empty talking about cultural construction and 'cultural theory'. Although these ambitions are admirable, it results in a somewhat vague account of NCH (New Cultural History). Theorists are reduced to flashy flag posts and buzzwords; the most striking example of this (paraphrasing it slightly for polemical and argumentative purposes): 'archeologists admire Foucault, because he was a archeologist, in some sense, as well'. This study reflects in this way the very same fragmented and incomplete 'postmodern identities' it is trying to undermine. The concrete analyses of the economic underpinnings of society, which make authors like Marx and Bourdieu so inspiring, thorough and rigorous, wither away in the shadow of the extensive usage of 'buzzconcepts' like 'hybridization' and 'the frontier police'. Burkes usage of methapors and rhetorics make this book somewhat intangible, but his clear wit and rich knowledge of the discipline make up for that. He tried to say too much, but the end result isn't disappointing at all, especially for curious and beginning students. Rich in its scope, boring in its intended theoretical contributions to the field.

[Santiago Alarcon T. · Rating 5 out of 5]

¿Qué es la historia cultura? (Peter Burke, 2002)

Peter Burke ha logrado realizar una excelente obra introductoria. Sin caer en el academicismo innecesario, ni tampoco en la catedra larga y aburridora. Lo que logra este respetado historiador es una obra dinámica, de una fácil lectura y sus límites claros.

Esta obra es de gran utilidad para cualquier persona que quiera profundizar en la historia cultural, comprendiendo los diferentes elementos que han compuesto el llamado giro cultural. Burke revisa las diferentes raíces de la historia cultural, y revisita los autores claves (Bajtin, Elias, Foucault, Bourdieu) que dieron forma a esta "tendencia" de los estudios históricos.

No hay mucho más de agregar, cuenta con una excelente bibliografia cronológica de la historia cultural y con sugerencias de obras para profundizar los conceptos.

[Paula Molías Martín · Rating 5 out of 5]

Es un libro que se escribe con el objetivo de poner en valore el estudio de la historia cultural. Me ha encantado su perspectiva clara y bien fundamentada, que facilita la comprensión de conceptos complejos. Su recorrido histórico es claro y accesible, proporcionando un marco sólido para entender la evolución de la historia cultural. Además, los ejemplos elegidos por el autor cristalizan de manera elocuente la necesidad precisamente de estudiar la historia cultural y la pone en valor. Por lo que defiende con persuasión la posición de este enfoque dentro de la ciencia histórica. Y, por último, lo que más destaco del libro son sus muchas referencias bibliográficas, lo cual permite seguir explorando sobre el tema.

[Julia]

I borrowed a copy from the library but I will buy my own just so I can read it again and underline everything.

Incredible introduction for anyone interested in history, writing history, development of cultural history. It helped though that I have already read some of the works he mentioned and am familiar with some of the sociological concepts he mentioned. Still think it's very accessible if you go in blind. Glad this was the first book I read by Burke, more will definitely follow.

[Mathew Powers · Rating 3 out of 5]

It's well written and serves as a reference book. It reads like a very long historiography, but very few (if any) arguments are truly presented. If one has a specific purpose in mind regarding cultural history, this is a good reference book for you. Otherwise, don't expect to be glue do this prose -- it's rather dry at times.

[Yupa · Rating 2 out of 5]

Non chiarisce cosa sia la storia culturale ma si limita, per centosessanta pagine circa, a fare un lungo elenco riassuntoso e poco ragionato di libri e opere che al genere dovrebbero appartenere. Poco utile.

[Elizabeth Kosmetatou · Rating 5 out of 5]

Probably the definitive book on Cultural History.

[Will Schumer · Rating 4 out of 5]

"Whatever the future of historical studies, there should be no return to literal-mindedness."

Burke's book attempts to work out the narrative of "cultural history," it's revitalization towards the end of the 20h century, and it's future. Burke points to Burckhardt and Huizinga as the central early figures in the discipline and traces the rise of "New Cultural History" (NCH) as it took over from the 1970s.

So, what is cultural history? There is no clear-cut definition. It can only be defined in what unites its disparate scholarly manifestations: a sensitivity to "culture" (however that may be defined) as a crucial element in the interpretation of a historical moment. Unlike social historians, the cultural historian does not consider, dogmatically, the role of class and economics (the base of our base-superstructure) as the end all be all of historical reality. Instead, attention is paid to that very superstructure, elements of "culture" which provide evidence for any number of conclusions: mentalities, sentiments, social structures, etc.

What Burke does well appears in the concluding chapters. He is correct to point out the potential wholes in this methodological approach, and the potential future it faces in academia (including its increasing fusion with social history, or its rejection by empiricists/positivists). Burke, in his analysis of cultural history, wishes to point to the good: the ability of the discipline to look to marginal aspects of history and present them as new evidence for radical interpretations. This is an open-ended book, historiographic, but oriented towards a murky future.

[Armagan (any pronouns) · Rating 4 out of 5]

Mete Tunçay'ın yetkin ve anlaşılır çevirisi dikkat çekici. Okurken zorlanmadım. "Kültür Tarihi", yaygın olarak kullanılan bir terim, tarihe kültürel yönden yaklaşan tarih dalı bu şekilde ifade ediliyor. Fakat tercihim "kültürel tarih" demekten yana. Çünkü "kültür tarihi", bir tarih biçiminden ziyade kültürün tarihini çağrıştırıyor. Kitabın (benzer tarihlerde yayınlanan) Terry Eagleton'ın "Kültür Yorumları" diye çevrilen "The Idea of Culture"ındaki gibi kültürün tarihi olmadığını okuma sürecimde anlayabildim. Kitabın temel ekseni "History of Culture" (Kültür Tarihi) değil "Cultural History" (Kültürel Tarih). Yani tarihin kültürel perspektiften ele alınması üzerine odaklanmış (ya da bana öyle geldi). Kitap, kültür kavramının dönüşüm süreçlerine de yer veriyor. Fakat, tarihle, tarihin kültürelleşmesiyle ilgili, bu yüzden kültürün tarihi yerine kültürel tarihle ilgilenenlerin daha çok ilgisini çekeceğini düşünüyorum. Kitap, adıyla ("What is Cultural History?" (Kültürel Tarih Nedir?)) ortaya attığı soruya cevap arıyor ve benim açımdan, özetlemesi güç şekilde, detaylandırarak bu soruyu cevaplandırma vaadini yerine getiriyor. Kitap dopdoluydu. Sayfalardan bilgi taşıyor. Hafızamda tutamadığım kadar çok bilgiyi içeriyor. Giriş seviyesi kitabı olarak tanımlayamam, daha çok bir başucu kitabı olarak tanımlayabilirim. Arka kapağın da belirttiği gibi, kültürel tarih hakkındaki diğer kitaplara (ve anahtar toplumsal tarih kitaplarına) ve çeşitli kültürler üzerine yazılan kültür tarihi kitaplarına referanslarla dolu. Benim için sindirmesi zor ama saygı duyulası bir çalışmaydı.

[Anouck · Rating 3 out of 5]

This book is a very comprehensive and complete overview of cultural history, from its birth up until now. People who seek a good starting point to further explore this field will most likely find this book useful.What Is Cultural History? will give you a lot of names, definitions, ideas and reading material to expand your knowledge on the subject at hand.
The reason why I gave this book three stars as opposed to four or five is that it doesn't accomplish anything too special. It is a summary - a good one - but a summary nonetheless. It is not very deep or thought-provoking. I also found that reading the book sometimes felt like reading a list of references. Further reading (or googling) was required to actually comprehend what was written. In a way it felt like one of those summaries that you understand only after you've read the original text that is being summarized.

In conclusion, this book definitely has value. Those starting to investigate the topic of cultural history will find this a great starting point. Those who are more knowledgeable already I think won't find too much thought-provoking subject matter. I also think further reading is required when one actually wishes to understand what this book is about.

[moosisai · Rating 3 out of 5]

👍👍

"Inglise puritaanliku revolutsiooni käigus suleti teatrid ja mõnel pool võeti kasutusele uudsed nimeandmispraktikad, kus nimed nagu Kiitus-Jumalae (praise god) sümboliseerisidvanemate poolehoidu uutele religioossetele ideaalidele. Bolševike revolutsiooni juurde jälle kuulus "tsviliseerumiskampaania". Lev Trotski näiteks muretses "kultuurse kõnelemisviisi" pärast, püüdes likvideerida vandumist ja veenda armeeohvitsere kasutama viisakat pöördumisvormi (вы, mitte ты), kui nad oma meestega rääkisid."

[Graham · Rating 3 out of 5]

A brief introduction to the field of cultural history. In a few short chapters the author takes us through this academic field's inception in the 19th century through to the New Cultural History boom of the 1980s and beyond. I suppose at worst this occasionally feels like a nothing more than a detailed list of all the different topics and key authors who've contributed to the field over the years, but there are some deeper passages where Burke goes into meaning and further elaboration of just what cultural historians do.

[Radarici · Rating 5 out of 5]

In my opinion, every professor who taughts Cultural History classes should take in consideration the option of use this book as it main textbook throughout the semester. It is absolutly original. Burke is a hero for a generation of Historians both in Europe and in Brazil - whose ties with this country started when he married one of the most important Brazilian social historians - and whose scholarship and intellectual work will be always appreciated.

[Daniel Osores · Rating 4 out of 5]

Este libro es una colección de ensayos sobre una de las ramas históricas más interesantes a mi punto de vista. Cada párrafo es muestra de la erudición del autor, tan solo en el primer ensayo podemos obtener títulos de obras para nuestra agenda y muy bien descritas por el autor. Sin embargo, la gran cantidad de temas al final pienso que desvían el objetivo principal del título, no dando un concepto conforme sobre historia cultural. Uno termina con más preguntas.

[Carlos Rueda · Rating 3 out of 5]

Libro que me he leído para sentir que he hecho algo en la asignatura de Metodología del Erasmus. Aunque el final se ha hecho un poco bola y a veces los ejemplos de obras y estudios de la historia cultural se me ha hecho un poco pesado, el libro es muy didáctico y fácil de leer jejeje. De hecho me ha dejado una lista enorme de libros que me quiero leer y una pasión mucho mayor de la que esperaba por la historia cultural. Tiene tela que este sea el primer libro de mi año☹️

[Gerolamo · Rating 4 out of 5]

Purtroppo letto in fretta e furia per un esame; le quattro stelle sono doverose in quanto il libro, oltre a una scorrevole argomentazione sulla (scusate il gioco di parole) storia della storia culturale, rimanda a una mole grandissima di altri testi, che si possono rivelare utili o interessanti al lettore.

[Valentina Camera · Rating 4 out of 5]

Letto per un esame universitario. La prosa è piacevole, con uno stile adatto anche ai "non addetti ai lavori" (vorrei capire se esiste un'espressione meno sgradevole!), l'apparato di note è schematico e chiaro e l'autore è capace di sintesi. Metto 4 stelle perché a volte ci sono ripetizioni che potevano, forse, essere evitate.

[Nael_5 · Rating 5 out of 5]

Such a good book, with such a critical author. It was a pleasure to read, and it was so due to the interesting explanations of Cultural History, its evolution and types. Great, the best book to know about this History branch.

[Hícaro Rassele]

A bibliografia de Burke não decepciona.

Ensinou-me muito sobre história da historiografia. Acho que é uma porta de entrada muito satisfatória no assunto e, ao meu ver, é também leitura obrigatória para todos os estudantes de história.

[Jetske · Rating 4 out of 5]

Great division of chapters. Short, but knows how to deliver information in a compact way. A little bit too Eurocentric sometimes.

[Ángela D. · Rating 3 out of 5]

3'5 ⭐

[Cloudy · Rating 3 out of 5]

Enjoyable enough; helped me understand important historical methods.

[Nazar M · Rating 3 out of 5]

Це доволі оглядове та побіжне дослідження якому часом бракне деталізованості. Втім, якщо б автор заповзявся розкривати цю тему в її найбільшому обширі то ця книга перетворилася б в багатотомник.