Sur l'État. Cours au Collège de France, 1989-1992

by Pierre Bourdieu

Transversale à l’œuvre de Pierre Bourdieu, la question de l’État n’a pu faire l’objet du livre qui devait en unifier la théorie. Or celle-ci, à laquelle il consacra trois années de son enseignement au Collège de France, fournit à bien des égards la clé d’intégration de l’ensemble de ses recherches : cette « fiction collective » aux effets bien réels est à la fois le produit, l’enjeu et le fondement de toutes les luttes d’intérêts.

Ce texte, qui inaugure la publication des cours et séminaires du sociologue, donne aussi à lire un « autre Bourdieu », d’autant plus concret et pédagogue qu’il livre sa pensée en cours d’élaboration. Dévoilant les illusions de la « pensée d’État », vouée à entretenir la croyance en un principe de gouvernement orienté vers le bien commun, il se montre tout autant critique à l’égard de l’« humeur anti-institutionnelle », prompte à résumer la construction d’un appareil bureaucratique à une fonction de maintien de l’ordre social.

À l’heure où la crise financière permet de précipiter, au mépris de toute souveraineté populaire, le démantèlement des services publics, cet ouvrage apporte les instruments critiques nécessaires à une compréhension plus lucide des ressorts de la domination.

Genres: Sociology, Politics, Philosophy, Nonfiction, Science, Social Science

672 pages, Hardcover

First published January 5, 2012

About the author

Bourdieu pioneered investigative frameworks and terminologies such as cultural, social, and symbolic capital, and the concepts of habitus, field or location, and symbolic violence to reveal the dynamics of power relations in social life. His work emphasized the role of practice and embodiment or forms in social dynamics and worldview construction, often in opposition to universalized Western philosophical traditions. He built upon the theories of Ludwig Wittgenstein, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Edmund Husserl, Georges Canguilhem, Karl Marx, Gaston Bachelard, Max Weber, Émile Durkheim, Erwin Panofsky, and Marcel Mauss. A notable influence on Bourdieu was Blaise Pascal, after whom Bourdieu titled his Pascalian Meditations.

Bourdieu rejected the idea of the intellectual "prophet", or the "total intellectual", as embodied by Sartre. His best known book is Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste, in which he argues that judgments of taste are related to social position. His argument is put forward by an original combination of social theory and data from surveys, photographs and interviews, in an attempt to reconcile difficulties such as how to understand the subject within objective structures. In the process, he tried to reconcile the influences of both external social structures and subjective experience on the individual (see structure and agency).

Reviews

[Anthony · Rating 5 out of 5]

These lectures delivered over 3 years at the College de France expose the state - and our abiding belief in it - as a 400-year old political fiction brought to life by its many agents through their collective acts done in the name of the state. If this sounds tautological, it is - the state exists because we act as if it does. Its power is dispersed through rituals and routines that may seem innocuous or inevitable - the calendar, geography, spelling, licenses, disciplines taught in school as discrete knowledges, housing practices, taxes - but that make its subjects serve it and those who have access to its symbolic capital. To read the state at this level (where it is brought into being in both long range and intimate day to day ways) requires Weber, Marx and Durkheim to bear.

[Felipe Feitosa Castro · Rating 5 out of 5]

Sempre que me debruço sobre Bourdieu chego à mesma conclusão: se foi cedo demais. E essa série de aulas é prova definitiva de quão inteligente e complexo (sem tender ao complicado) o pensamento (sempre em movimento, diga-se de passagem) de Pierre Bourdieu sempre foi. Sobre o Estado é mais do que uma coleção de palestras, é uma chance de espiar o que ainda poderia ser caso o sociólogo ainda estivesse vivo.

Leitura obrigatória.

[SirriCan · Rating 5 out of 5]

çok iyi.

[Dayton Fernando]

2014

[Haitam]

sa fé reflexir

[FJXenoF · Rating 3 out of 5]

Bourdieu is a brilliant thinker, but a mediocre rhetorician. Most annoying are his slanderous remarks about Marxism. He caricatures the ideas of Marx to make his own seem more original. Classic example: he claims that the ideas of lawyers are products of their material struggle about power and influence, but you should not use the base/superstructure model to analyze this! (For the uninitiated: what Bourdieu describes here is an excellent illustration of the base/superstructure model, where the superstructure (culture, ideas, institutions) are constructed over a material base.)

[Ezgi · Rating 4 out of 5]

While criticizing the conventional approaches to state including Weberian, institutional and particularly Marxist approaches; Bourdieu mainly addresses the ways of analysing the state and suggests an ethno- methodological approach as a way to analyse this “unthinkable object”. At least you have to ask anthropological, ethno methodological questions together with the global questions to have adequate questions on the state (p.171). State is primarily a legitimator.