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三十.三十書系

Mao Cult: Rhetoric and Ritual in China's Cultural Revolution

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Mao Zedong's political and cultural legacy remains potent even in today's China. There have been many books that have explored his posthumous legacy, but none that has scrutinized the cult of Mao and the massive worship that was fostered around him at the height of his powers during the Cultural Revolution. This riveting book is the first to do so. By analyzing previously secret archival documents, obscure objects, and political pamphlets, Daniel Leese traces the tumultuous history of the cult within the Communist Party and at the grassroots level. The Party leadership's original intention was to develop a prominent brand symbol, which would compete with the nationalists' elevation of Chiang Kai-shek. They did not, however, anticipate that Mao would use this symbolic power to mobilize Chinese youth to rebel against party bureaucracy itself. The result was anarchy, and when the army was called in, it relied on mandatory rituals of worship, such as daily reading of the Little Red Book or performances of 'the loyalty dance', to restore order. Such fascinating detail sheds light not only on the personality cult of Mao, but also on hero-worship in other traditions.

324 pages, Hardcover

First published July 27, 2011

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Daniel Leese

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Displaying 1 - 5 of 5 reviews
Profile Image for Ryo.
126 reviews10 followers
October 7, 2025
读起来很有趣味的书。
1. 毛崇拜起源于模仿蒋崇拜,而蒋照搬自孙中山崇拜(蒋介石和毛泽东都不得不依靠崇拜孙中山来巩固各自中国革命继承者的合法地位),通过自延安整风起的历次政治运动逐渐自党体系内走向大众。
2. 个人崇拜合法化并走向全民视野(在此之前,为了防止农民对着天安门前毛泽东的画像三叩九拜,在1950年代初期还要在天安门广场设置了一支特殊的卫兵)是由于对抗苏联的需要。赫鲁晓夫秘密报告是契机,中苏关系破裂的最终导火索是苏联、美国、英国三国1963年7月签署的禁止核试验条约——毛由于曾经失去苏联的核保护而长期备受怀疑与指责
3. 文革中的领袖崇拜在崇拜形式上源自于林彪1959年后在解放军中所做的倡导。其中“早请示晚汇报”不是来自于宗教仪式,而是战时集中决策过程的常用方式——民间的首次使用也是来自于学生军训。在解放军中以“毛主席”只言片语为框架来指导自己言行的高度仪式化的崇拜方式,对毛崇拜的进一步发展产生了重大的影响。
4. 红宝书同样始自林彪,林个人有用小卡片收集并背诵中国重要哲学家语录以备后用的习惯。在60年代早期,通往马克思主义的捷径被林进一步简化:学习毛的著作只要背诵毛著作中最为重要的句子便可。
5. 《解放军报》请林彪题写雷锋日记里面的四句短语:“读毛主席的书,听毛主席的话,照毛主席的指示办事,做毛主席的好战士。”然而,林彪却不知为何在写了前三句后就停了下来,并不打算写最后一句。
6. 在文革的大多数语境下,“忠”的反义词并不是“不忠”,而是“私”,意指“自我”或“自私”。如果一个人品性自私却又不注意加以克服,那么他就是对毛主席的不忠。
7. 文革期间各地大兴土木建“毛泽东思想胜利万岁展览馆”,文革后因建材质量好得以保留改为各种博物馆或者展览馆。——大学时去过的四川科技馆正是其中之一,不过是去看漫展cosplay。
总而言之,毛崇拜的本质——从官僚体制之外进行动员+培养屈从的卡里斯马式统治工具(官僚制度在“凝聚力”上力不从心,个人崇拜可以提供团结的功能)。
Profile Image for Zeitgeist.
101 reviews11 followers
August 12, 2021
一個體制、一個社會無法阻止幾個跳梁小丑打開潘多拉魔盒,放出惡魔,最終就是大家都死。毛澤東和林彪不提,早有耳聞,對於劉少奇、周恩來之類,真是隱藏的好
Profile Image for Chyi.
170 reviews19 followers
January 28, 2024
雷大年的这本书以史实描述为主,至于为何会出现这样狂热的个人崇拜,他的分析尚不足以揭示其背后原因。只缘妖雾又重来,使得这本书的现实意义超过了它的学术意义。
49 reviews4 followers
May 28, 2024
紮實而詳盡. 主要是利用了河北省的檔案,但是使用得如指臂使. 對mao cult的分析也是鞭辟入裡,可圈可點. 其實倒是可以多用宗教研究的文本(比如goossaert etc)來多分析對於毛的個人崇拜,不過這也算是唯一瑕疵了. 可惜可嘆的是,個人崇拜依然沒有走遠. A Spectre is haunting contemporary China— the Spectre of Mao, or EveryMao. 盲目而刻意得懷舊毛及其思想值得令人警惕. 以及覺得好可惜,這本書Goodreads上評分居然比joel andreas的低…
Profile Image for Nous84.
7 reviews
January 16, 2024
这本虽在该领域有开风气的地位,但可能是因为材料不足的原因,全书多为历史事件的陈述,因而未能提炼出一个逻辑自洽的论述体系,很多结论对我来说都稍显平常了。 “阴影还不断出没在他的后继者之中。”
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