While the Japanese war cabinet argued about whether to surrender, and on what terms, the U.S. Army Strategic Air Force on Guam and Tinian geared up for a thousand-plane raid upon the Empire. It would be the last air raid of World War II. This story, which first appeared in Air&Space magazine on the 50th anniversary of the war's end, tells the story of those momentous forty-eight hours. New in this revised a portfolio of photographs and a history of the B-29 project. About 7000 words.