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Velká závěť

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This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

173 pages, Unknown Binding

First published January 1, 1461

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About the author

François Villon

475 books142 followers
François Villon (in modern French, pronounced [fʁɑ̃swa vijɔ̃]; in fifteenth-century French, [frɑnswɛ viˈlɔn]) (c. 1431 – after 5 January 1463) was a French poet, thief, and vagabond. He is perhaps best known for his Testaments and his Ballade des Pendus, written while in prison. The question "Mais où sont les neiges d'antan?", taken from the "Ballade des dames du temps jadis" and translated by Dante Gabriel Rossetti as "Where are the snows of yesteryear?", is one of the most famous lines of translated secular poetry in the English-speaking world.

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5 stars
133 (23%)
4 stars
194 (34%)
3 stars
149 (26%)
2 stars
63 (11%)
1 star
23 (4%)
Displaying 1 - 30 of 48 reviews
Profile Image for Flo.
649 reviews2,248 followers
March 23, 2018
The Ballad of the Proverbs
So rough the goat will scratch, it cannot sleep.
So often goes the pot to the well that it breaks.
So long you heat iron, it will glow;
so heavily you hammer it, it shatters.
So good is the man as his praise;
so far he will go, and he's forgotten;
so bad he behaves, and he's despised.
So loud you cry Christmas, it comes.

So glib you talk, you end up in contradictions.
So good is your credit as the favors you got.
So much you promise that you will back out.
So doggedly you beg that your wish is granted;
so high climbs the price when you want a thing;
so much you want it that you pay the price;
so familiar it gets to you, you want it no more.
So loud you cry Christmas, it comes.

So, you love a dog. Then feed it!
So long a song will run that people learn it.
So long you keep the fruit, it will rot.
So hot the struggle for a spot that it is won;
so cool you keep your act that your spirit freezes;
so hurriedly you act that you run into bad luck;
so tight you embrace that your catch slips away.
So loud you cry Christmas, it comes.

So you scoff and laugh, and the fun is gone.
So you crave and spend, and lose your shirt.
So candid you are, no blow can be too low.
So good as a gift should a promise be.
So, if you love God, you obey the Church.
So, when you give much, you borrow much.
So, shifting winds turn to storm.
So loud you cry Christmas, it comes.

Prince, so long as a fool persists, he grows wiser;
so, round the world he goes, but return he will,
so humbled and beaten back into servility.
So loud you cry Christmas, it is here.

Today:
This was my first review of the year. I was going to edit it and add some great images but we're already in March and I can solemnly announce that that's not going to happen. I read, I loved, I wrote, let's move on.

Two months ago:
I was looking for an idea to write an article and found this poet. François Villon (1431-1463?), "the first damned poet". No doubt. His short life was... eventful: from the University of Paris to prison, a death sentence and finally, banishment. When I found his poems I was amazed, as usual, at how modern they were. Le Testament was written in 1461, after spending some time in prison for a crime he never mentioned. His delightful, intimate, profound, sardonic, debauched, innocent, sacred and earthly oeuvre was my first literary addiction of the year.

from Ballade
...
I know the coat by the collar
I know the monk by the cowl
I know the master by the servant
I know the nun by the veil
I know when a hustler rattles on
I know fools raised on whipped cream
I know the wine by the barrel
I know everything but myself.

(Kinnell's translation)

Four stars for this Spanish edition. When I find a better translation, a 5-star rating, perhaps?
By the way, I wrote my article. It's in Spanish; for now only reviews are in some sort of English.



Jan 05, 18-March 21, 18
* Also on my blog
Profile Image for Nikola Pavlovic.
339 reviews48 followers
March 20, 2018
Fransoa Vijon, covek koji je napravio iskorak i od trubadura postao pionir savremenog pesnistva. Njegova rima je lepa, bogata, katkad saljiva ali u sustini puna bola. Bilo je uzivanje citati ga i zbog neizmernog pesnikovog talenta na koji sam nailazio u svakoj strofi morao sam Zavestanjima dati pet zvezdica.
Profile Image for Jonfaith.
2,147 reviews1,749 followers
March 1, 2019
Prince, so long as a fool persists, he grows wiser;
so, round the world he goes, but return he will,
so humbled and beaten back into servility.


I'm listening to Fabrizio de Andre as I type this, my discovery of him was due to Villon: yet another debt I owe. I bought this bilingual collection the other day headed home from my out of town workshop. It was exciting to finally read the infamous poet. He's rather modern , sporting a foundation in the classics and a penchant for vice and the celebration thereof. Villon anticipates Burton and other early moderns, his lyrics dance through the spiritual disenchantment of the period and find solace in both meter and the organic. Humble from birth, the poet benefited from a patron and was a respected scholar until the devils of his nature led him astray. There is a rolling quality to these verse, ribald and philosophical.
Profile Image for Jesús De la Jara.
820 reviews101 followers
September 21, 2022
"Luego se hace la paz y me tira un gran pedo,
mucho más inflamado que si fuera veneno.
Riéndose, me da un golpe en la cabeza
me dice «pillin» rozándome el jamón».
Después, los dos borrachos, dormimos como troncos,
y luego, al despertar, cuando le pica el cuerpo,
se sube sobre mí, que no pierde ocasión.
Bajo su cuerpo gimo, aplastado cual ajo,
y en estas diversiones hecho polvo me deja
en este burdel nuestro gracias al cual vivimos."

El autor de este poema resulta ser Francois de Montcorbier (nacido en 1431), que, se presume, tomó el nombre de su protector a Francois Villon, como es conocido actualmente.
Vivió en el siglo XV lleno de amores corteses y canciones de gesta, sin embargo, su obra se decantó hacia poemas satíricos, obscenos y burlescos. Estos acorde a su estilo de vida pues es bien conocido que el autor estuvo inmerso en diferentes líos morales y criminales tales como el robo e incluso el asesinato. Es por ello muchas veces recordado en el imaginario nacional y considerado por algunos una leyenda en cuanto a elemento raro, fulgurante en medio de una generación de literatos "comprados" por los poderosos.
Desde luego, este tema no me motiva mayor interés pues tengo un claro pensamiento acerca de esos hechos y las personas que lo cometen. En este poema, que tiene un antecedente en su "Legado" el poeta va a dar testimonio de lo que tiene (metafóricamente hablando) y designa una serie de personajes de su época a quienes les da o les exige cosas de manera figurativa. Esto, desde luego, es una innovación y algo muy especial en cuanto a temática medieval. Villon se burla de personajes contemporáneos a él que pueden ser reconocidos por el pueblo parisino de la época, como religiosos, prebostes, autoridades y un largo etcétera. Allí los acusa de personas totalmente terrenales e incluso con muchos vicios como la bebida, el juego, el homosexualismo incluso, la lujuria o la corrupción.

"Pero, dónde están las nieves de antaño?
La gran reina Blanca, blanca como el lis,
cuya voz sonaba cual voz de sirena,
Berta, la del pie, Beatriz y Alís,
también Haremburgis, la duefña del Maine,
como Juana de Arco, la gran lorenesa
que ingleses quemaron dentro de Ruán"

El amor o la exaltación de algunas personalidades también tienen lugar, sobre todo en algunas baladas que están insertas en este Testimonio. En una de ellas se menciona a Juana de Arco que solo había muerto unos 30 años antes de la composición de este poema.
El estilo desde luego no es nada sorprendente y más que todo está la temática y los adjetivos que utiliza para hablar de todo mundo. ¿Ingenio? simple desquite, lo cierto es que está impregnado de la época. Incluso el amor es visto desde un punto de vista superficial y carnal, alejado como dije, de muchas costumbres literarias de la época. Otros temas abordados que pueden interesar son la igualdad ante la muerte de ricos y pobres, el lamento por haber caído en una vida de perdición y no haber estudiado. Incluso por momentos se nos habla de religión y Villon tiene un conocimiento bueno de la época y lo que se enseñaba en ese entonces. A veces él mismo se cree buen religioso y juzga a los que pretenden ser los señores de la fe.

"Y he venido a dar en razonamientos
en los cuales yo no debiera entrar.
No soy ningun juez ni estoy encargado
de penalizar ni absolver de nada:
de todos yo soy el más imperfecto.
¡Alabado sea el dulce Jesús!
¡Aquí les presento todas las disculpas!
Pero lo que he escrito, escrito se queda"
Profile Image for Uroš Đurković.
905 reviews230 followers
January 17, 2020
Za mene je glavni junak Vijonovih stihova Vinaver.
Vinaver, sa svojim ingenioznim jezičkim raspomamima. U Vinaverovom prevodu, Vijon je čitao Lazu Kostića (više puta, zbog rimovanja, korišćeni čuveni stihovi „pepo i pra”) i dubrovačke barokne pesnike.
I to mi je bilo posebno interesantno, iz pera naših vajnih raguzeologa, izostaje koliko je Vinaver insistirao na povezanosti antipetrarkističkih impulsa u dubrovačkoj baroknoj književnosti i Vijona. Vijonova groteska preteča je ironičnih i samosažaljevajućih „Suza Marunkovih” Ignjata Đurđevića (koga, iz nekog razloga, Vinaver naziva Ignjat Đorđić), kao i čuvenog „Derviša” Stjepana Đurđevića. Pitanje dubrovačke književnosti vezano je i za strategiju prevoda – kako prepoznati i preneti, za Vinavera esencijalni, zvučni efekat pesme.
A i kako ne pomisliti na Lazu Kostića pri čitanju „Raspre između Vijonovog srca i tela”; duša koja je krhki končić i „nema snage, suštine, ni boje”.

Ko voli rableovštinu: galamljenje, brisoguze, zajahavanje krčmarica, vragolaste odžačare, kajgane sa blagoutrobijima, rusvaj i golicljive udove – ima ih kod Vijona.
Ko voli refleksije o smrti, vešala, kupanje melanholijom i prolaznošću, jezu, bogalje i kljaste i neko molbeno a ironijsko-igrivo nemirenje sa svim tim – naći će kod Vijona.

A naći će i Lepu Šlemarku. Neizostavnu.

Što bi Bajar rekao, sve sami anticipirani plagijati.

Nešto je Vijon znao što mi (ne) znamo.
(I Vinaver je to nanjušio. A njuh ga ne vara.)
Profile Image for camille.
121 reviews
June 25, 2024
tiene grandes momentos pero a veces se pone súper zzzzz y es pesado tener que leer tantas notas al pie, como con la divina comedia. el exceso de lore hace que se vuelva larga la lectura
Profile Image for Ivan Loginov.
218 reviews17 followers
December 6, 2018
Villon je jen středověkej Tekashi 6ix9ine - málem byl zabit, dostal se do vězení a psal básničky s příjemnou formou ale pochybným obsahem.
Profile Image for Mike.
1,434 reviews56 followers
August 6, 2024
3.5 stars. (4 for the Lepper edition; 3 for the Kinnel edition) I much prefer the Lepper translation to the Kinnel translation. The Lepper version also has better endnotes and a more detailed critical afterword. As for Villon’s poetry: I enjoyed what I could understand, considering his fame rests in his complex wordplay, which is mostly lost in English translation, and his detailed allusions to contemporaries, which is lost on most people who weren’t alive in Paris in the 15th century. I also have a feeling much of his fame lies in his life as a criminal scoundrel/scholar, which Kinnel admits in his introduction. I also enjoyed the genre of satirical last testament, which is one that should be employed more often by poets in contemporary times.
Profile Image for Kaj Roihio.
616 reviews2 followers
Read
August 4, 2024
Päissämme nukumme tervettä unta ja
heräämme vatsansa kiihkeään kuminaan.
Hedelmän poimii, kun päälleni kiipeää.
Painonsa alla oon lautaakin kaidempi.
Näin olen kovilla halujen takia
bordellin nurkassa, missä me asumme.
Myöhäiskeskiajan lyriikka oli ehkä vähän ronskimpaa kuin ensi alkuun voisi olettaa. François Villonin runoelman säkeiden takaa pilkottaa ihmisyys kaikessa sen rehevyydessään, ehkä ei kovinkaan hienostuneesti tai kirkollisesti, herranen aika, mutta renessanssikauden todellisuus ilmaisee itsensä väkevästi ja olemassaoloaan pahoittelematta. Kirjoittaja itse oli hänkin melkoinen tapaus, rikollinen kerta kaikkiaan, syyllistynyt murtovarkauteen jouluyönä ja hänen kerrottiin jopa murhanneen ihmisen tai kaksi tai ehkäpä useammankin. Silti humoristinen lyyrikko, vaikka eiväthän nämä asiat sulje toisiaan pois, jonka kirjoituksia on paikoitellen oikein hauskaa lukea nykyäänkin. Veijo Meren suomennos on melkoista ilkamointia sekin.
Polvihousut, pitsipuserot,
viitat, paidat, hienot hepeneet,
jottet keksis vielä pahempaa,
tuhlaa kaikki viinaan, tyttöihin.
Profile Image for Jackson Cyril.
836 reviews92 followers
September 30, 2017
Read and re-read. Then read the original French, which is both accessible and powerful.
Profile Image for Štefan Šimončík.
10 reviews
August 28, 2025
U první půlky jsem málem odpadl nudou. Druhá půlka výrazně lepší. Jakmile se Villon začne litovat tak je to Napsat po zkoušce vodou:
“Ta voda! Vždyť šlo o záduchu!
Dýchal bych teď, jak mrtvý dýchá!
Čněl jako klas! A v svěžím vzduchu!
Tak co? že měl jsem zůstat zticha?”
je swag.
Profile Image for Kati.
2,345 reviews66 followers
March 1, 2020
Villon byl proutník a dobrodruh, který si s důsledky svých činů zjevně moc hlavu nelámal, což se dost odráží i v jeho básních, ve kterých často píše o nevěstkách a nejrůznějších lidech na okraji společnosti, které zároveň odsuzuje i hájí. Jeho básně jsou rozhodně zajímavé, a to jak obsahově, tak stylem.
Profile Image for Kristina.
293 reviews25 followers
August 1, 2017
For me reading Villon's poetry resembles an out of this world experience. Even in translation he sounds sublime. This is a poet I'll be reading again and again henceforth.
Profile Image for evil.
289 reviews1 follower
November 16, 2025
Lähes autofiktiivinen Testamentti kertoo nimensä mukaisesti siitä, miten Villon testamenttaa joko hienoja ja hyödyllisiä palkintoja ystävilleen tai julmia ja kovasanaisia herjoja vihamiehilleen. Ensimmäisen, Pienen testamentin, kohdalla näkyy jonkinlainen harjoittelu, mutta Suuressa testamentissa Villon pääsee vauhtiin.

Teoksen rakenne on nimittäin mielenkiintoinen. Perinnönjako keskeytyy aika ajoin, kun puhuja intoutuu laulamaan tai tarinoimaan. Proosaan viittavia osiakin tekstissä on. Teemoiltaan teos mukailee renessanssin ajan henkeä ja riettautta, jopa pöyhkeilevyyttä. Nokkelaksi mutta suulaaksi rääväsuuksikin uskaltaisin Villonia kutsua.

En kuitenkaan tiedä, johtuuko ärsyttävä hypähtelevyys ja mielipuolisuus vain suomennoksesta, joka ei muuten aina pysy rytmissä, vai onko taustalla Villonin oma, alkuperäinen tahto (heh). Kokonaisuutena runoelma on siis melko hallittu ja kiinnostava, yksittäisten runojen kohdalla ei niinkään, koska toistoa ja epämääräisiä henkilöitä on hyvin paljon. Irrallisia runoja en edes lukenut. ✧


❝ Vailla älyn, tiedon tukea / raukka mustuin enkä kypsynyt. / Ilman omaisuutta, korkoja, / kaukaisinkaan sukulaiseni, / puhun totta, ei mua tunnusta. / Unohtavat vanhan luonnonlain / pelkän epäonnen tähden vain. ❞ (1974, 30)

❝ Saastaa me palvomme ja saasta meidät syö. ❞ (1974, 93)



2 stars
1 review
January 31, 2019
Velká závěť je spíše kratší knížka plná poezie, v níž se odrazuje autorův básnický talent. Shltla jsem ji během chvíle a zažehnala nudu, protože text je to nad očekávání. Villon se nikde dlouho nezdržuje, jede dál, jakoby pro toto dílo dostal limit ohledně počtu stran. Nicméně ochuzena se necítím, tuto knížku řadím do pomyslného "tahle kniha je dobrá." Můj primární pocit z díla je ten (a nesuďte mne, je-li špatný), že si autor -když to řeknu velice zjednodušeně- vylévá srdíčko. Respektive sděluje světu svůj upřímný názor na něj, na lidi, na sebe sama, na obyčejnost i bohatství, na lásku...

Hodnotila jsem čtyřmi hvězdičkami. Poezie je to velmi povedená, líbí se mi na ní ta lidskost. Villon se nesnaží o složité básnické prostředky, prostě píše tak, aby se mu text rýmoval. Pátou hvězdičku jsem neudělila, protože ji raději dávám knihám, k nimž (nebo k jejichž postavám) si vytvořím nějaký vztah, což se tady nestalo. Každopádně ano, tuto knihu doporučuju.
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
Profile Image for Simona Balková.
19 reviews2 followers
February 23, 2025
I am rating the book three stars. The only reason is that im not inclined to this type of literature. Otherwise it was so pleasant. If you're looking to read any older french literature, this is a very good place to start. François Villon, a very mysterious man living in the circles of poverty and crime, yet also wealth and power lets this message be heard : death is upon us all. Noone can truly escape death, even if we try. Hypocrisy of the men in power is also astounding and he's uncovering it all with a smile and playful verses. Love, pain, God, society, fate. By repeating certain words, he creates melody in his poetry, its easily noticable. By the end of the book, I was glad I tried to dive in and test the older masters of the word.
Profile Image for Petra.
860 reviews135 followers
August 13, 2019
François Villon on kuulemma lähes mahdoton kääntää ja vaikka Veijo Meren käännös on kunnianhimoinen, takeltelee se hieman joissain kohden. Testamentti on groteskin kammottava pieni runoteos, joka valottaa erinomaisesti keskiajan ronskimpaa kirjallisuutta kakkahuumoreineen ja rivoine viittauksineen. Ehdottoman yllättävä ja monella tapaa loistava, mutta tuntuu että käännös kokonaisuudessa esti nauttimista enemmän.
Profile Image for Vanshi.
59 reviews
Read
January 20, 2021
J'ai lu un peu François Villon en l'été. Mon français est très mal, mais j'ai lu cette poésie parce que je...ADORE poésie! Aussi, j'ai lu un peu en anglais. Je veux savoir plus de France, et plus de la littérature française.
_______________________________________
I read François Villon a little in the summer. My French is very bad, but I read this poetry because I ... LOVE poetry! Also, I read a bit in English. I wanna know more about France, and more about French literature.
Profile Image for Elina.
189 reviews7 followers
January 27, 2020
Paikoin pitkäveteistä luettavaa, paikoin elävää ja koskettavaa. Suomenkielisen laitoksen elämäkertaosuus oli kiinnostava katsaus Villoniin sekä hänen aikakauteensa.

Olisi aina mukavaa nähdä alkuperäiskieliset runot suomennettujen rinnalla. Se olisi helpompaa kuin etsiä runot ranskankielisestä teoksesta, koska nyt jäi kiinnostamaan, miten runot toimivat Villonin omalla kielellä.
Profile Image for Eliška Good.
102 reviews
December 18, 2020
Celkem dobrý, občas jsem dostávala záchvaty smíchu, občas ztrácela řeč. Líbí se mi, když je poezie rýmovaná a dobře se čte. Knížka obsahovala i velice zajímavé myšlenky a François Villon je odteď mým oblíbeným básníkem.
Profile Image for natalieon.
13 reviews
October 24, 2025
ჯერ იყო ვიიონი. ასევე, დავით წერედიანი იყო უბრალოდ გენიალური, მეორე მსგავსი აღარ დაიბადება.

“მიწაზე გართხმულს არ მშორდება შიში დაცემის,
მაშინ მაქვს თავი მინაგნები, როდესაც სხვა ვარ,
ვხედავ ყვავილნარს და ვპოულობ მდელოს აცელილს,
ყველგან წვეული, ყველასაგან დევნილი დავალ.”
Profile Image for Hana.
128 reviews
December 31, 2025
Při čtení Závěti jsem si musela připomínat, že jde o dílo z 15. st.; Villon píše jako čtenář prokletých básníků, ovšem je ale inspiroval právě on. V těchto upřímných básní je proto nesmrtelné kouzlo.
Profile Image for Descending Angel.
819 reviews33 followers
December 31, 2025
Last book of 2025. Villon, the best known French poet of the late middle ages, a rough life of crime, banishment and disappearing into the unknown. His poems are full of wit and wisdom, and are fun to read.
28 reviews
November 25, 2019
The poems are really beautiful. Villion has written such a honest poetry.
Displaying 1 - 30 of 48 reviews

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