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Mythology of the British Isles

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Beginning with the giant Albion, after whom the country was once named, Geoffrey Ashe explores the myths whose roots lie in the different British regions. Taking in fairy-folk, druids and King Lear, and the tales of Merlin and King Arthur that continue to hold sway in the nationâ€s imagination, he uncovers their sources and underlying ideas as well as their handling in tradition and literature.

An unforgettable and illuminating exploration of the legends of the British Isles.

From the misty centuries of British and Irish prehistory to the height of the dark age, comes tales of giants and fairy-folk, druids and saints. From King Lear and King Arthur, to Fingal, Beowulf, Gwendolen and Guinevere these are the legendary characters who shaped the nation.

But who were they?

In Mythology of the British Isles, Geoffrey Ashe explores these compelling and ancient stories, seeing how they have taken on fresh significance as historical and archaeological research has uncovered the truth behind each legend.

368 pages, Paperback

First published April 5, 1990

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About the author

Geoffrey Ashe

99 books42 followers
Geoffrey Thomas Leslie Ashe is a British cultural historian, a writer of non-fiction books and novels.

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5 stars
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216 (37%)
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 51 reviews
Profile Image for K.J. Charles.
Author 65 books12.1k followers
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December 27, 2023
Robert Graves style overview of British mythology (tell the myth then explore what if anything we know of the real story) covering the foundation legends for all four nations and going up to, roughly, Beowulf. Majors on Arthur, obv. Interesting and comprehensive if a little dry, though satisfyingly sarcastic about ley lines.
Profile Image for Alex Sarll.
7,057 reviews364 followers
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June 25, 2022
The other Ashe book I've read, Camelot And The Vision Of Albion, was much more of a personal manifesto than this general survey, though both acknowledge a debt to Robert Graves. Here, rather than the hem hem 'idiosyncratic' White Goddess it's, as you might expect from the title, Greek Myths. Meaning the presentation is broadly chronological, each chapter opening with the legend, before a commentary discusses sources, facts and variants. As such, the spine inevitably comes from Geoffrey of Monmouth, who plays the long-dead Little Alex Horne to Ashe's Greg Davies, setting up the whole thing then semi-fondly berated for his various fuck-ups. Ashe's overall conclusion is that Geoffrey was working from something, though perhaps not the Homer-like epic he suggests, and that where possible he did work with the facts he had, albeit often massaging and tidying them, which is also why his History peters out once it runs into as unassailable an authority as Bede.

The real spell of the book, though, is less in any explicit thesis than its ability to have things all ways without jarring. Ashe is a smart man, able to read the historical and archaeological evidence, and too honourable to try twisting it to fit, which can sometimes result in bathos, as when, after a section on giant legends, the commentary begins with the deeply 1066 line "The real megalith-builders were not particularly large." He can also recognise the wriggling of his predecessors, sometimes wryly - "Holinshed. who does not accept the notion, makes a distressed attempt to deal with it" - and elsewhere with exasperation, as when he notes modern glosses that recent historians have unthinkingly applied to something like the purported discovery of Arthur's grave at Glastonbury. I noticed very occasional slips - while his scepticism of Constantine's devotion to Christianity is fair, suggesting that only being baptised towards the end of his life was a sign of that is anachronistic - but these are very much the exception.

And along the way, as well as pulling together the strands of the big picture, he digs out so many wonderful little nuggets! I'm sure I already knew that Totnes was supposedly where the Trojans landed, and had forgotten it because I don't like to encourage Totnes, but I was surprised at how large the British-Israelite theory of Britain as descended from the Lost Tribes looms, given I've only really encountered this before in the work of noted historian Robert Rankin. And I had no idea whatsoever about Claudia Rufina, the only Brit in the Bible, and possibly sister to second pope Linus (which would be one in the eye for Breakspear). The notion of Cimmerians as Cymry is also raised, which historically turns out not to work, but still provided me with much amusement at the notion of Conan being very Welsh. And Picts, of course, was not their own name, being derived from their skin art and the same root as 'pictorial'. King Lear (or Leir) as mythic founder of Leicester was new to me too, though that did also come up in Once And Future while I was slowly making my way through this. I knew that in his story's original form it had a happy-ish ending (a rare mis-step for Gaiman) - but not that Goneril had the spelling Gonorilla, which manages to sound even more STD while also suggesting a royal ape (and her nephew Cunedagius similarly sounds like something unpleasant downstairs). I was also amused to register my own reaction when after being fine with all the tales of magic, talking severed heads and giants, I was entirely unable to stomach the origin story for Bath because pigs can't get leprosy.

One area where the book does falter is in never entirely knowing how far to include Ireland, in part because of difficulty aligning the mythic chronologies, so that one side of the story rather comes and goes. Still, in between familiar bits like the monstrous Fomorians raiding from Tory Island, which for ages I assumed was just Pat Mills being typically subtle, I was amused to learn how the land was reputedly populated by Noah's son Bith with his shipmates Fintan and Ladra. Who had fifty women between them until Ladra died from excessive sexual activity, which sounds heroic, except then the other two reapportioned the women, so really Ladra was a bit of a lightweight.

The heart of the book, though, was always going to be Arthur. Here even the structure breaks down a little under his sheer legendary gravity, so we get the Welsh Arthur, Geoffrey's, and then the proper version after the romancers have ramified it. Inevitably this is something of a less trippy reprise of Camelot And The Vision Of Albion; elsewhere Ashe has been very willing to poke fun at some of the more obviously stupid legends (his scepticism regarding ley lines and the Glastonbury zodiac is particularly entertaining), but Arthur is different. Ashe is fully aware that at most the evidence supports a pretty good war-leader in the twilight of Roman Britain, and can even show how late parts of the myth must have developed - so Excalibur can't have been thought irretrievable when Richard I gave Tancred of Sicily a sword supposed to be Arthur's, say. But deep down, in exactly the sort of separate dominion I mock when the idea is applied to Jesus rather than Arthur, Ashe also knows full well that it's all true, or ought to be, and more and better besides.

After that, inevitably, the book, like Geoffrey, rather loses momentum; Arthur's successors, the rise of the English and the likes of Beowulf all have too tough an act to follow. But as a survey and a synthesis that manages to yoke the horses of history and legend together, it's still an impressive piece of work.
Profile Image for Richard Howard.
1,743 reviews10 followers
March 14, 2021
Britain, given its remarkable history is somewhat devoid of a mythology. Hence many authors have looked to ancient Greece and Scandinavia for inspiration. One of Tolkien's aims in writing his opus 'The Lord of the Rings' was to provide England with an epic of its own. In this wonderful volume Geoffrey Ashe traces the mythological strands of the isle of Great Britain (with contributions from Ireland where relevant) and attempts to pull them together into a coherent narrative. He succeeds and, along the way, demolishes many common misconceptions. (Many of which I held.) Arthur, of course, looms large and the author examines all the major sources of his legend with exemplary objectivity.
I recommend this book to anyone with an interest in the mythology, folklore and history of this enchanted isle.
Profile Image for Liam Hyland.
42 reviews
February 8, 2025
The prose was dry. Was insightful for the tales and history, but the writing was hard to get through at points.
Profile Image for Dean.
606 reviews10 followers
June 17, 2020
The conceit with this is a smart one, having been used notably previously by Robert Graves, in that you first treat the stories as real, tell them as such, and then after use scholarly research to find the real story. Most myths have a basis in fact, most mythical figures have developed from composites of others through history, and British history has many strands of mythology, primarily from its Celtic roots.
Even though I have a long interest in history and mythology, this book did open to my eyes to just how rich British mythology is. We all know the King Arthur stories, but there’s a lot more besides. Not too scholarly, so a casual reader can enjoy, but very well researched and written.
A good read.
Profile Image for Andrew Fish.
Author 3 books10 followers
December 23, 2012
Take the format of Robert Graves' books of Greek mythology, apply to British mythology in a light, literate style and you have a potted description of this book. Ashe summarizes the legends on which Britain is built with succinct elegance and his insights into the probable meanings make fascinating reading. Recommended for anyone with even a casual interest in Arthurian legend.
Profile Image for Mike.
109 reviews4 followers
January 12, 2014
Highly recommended for any serious student of folklore. The illustrated version is just a sheer delight that one can fall back into time and again.
87 reviews2 followers
July 30, 2021
It's really well researched and scholarly, but a bit dull sadly.
Profile Image for Alice Vandommele.
65 reviews
December 19, 2025
Overall, a very readable introduction to various legendary ideas about Britain's past. Certainly more fun than getting through Mallory, and the inclusion of modern myths such as leylines and British Israelite stuff is interesting. People didn't stop creating legends after 1800!

The only caveats I'd give:

1) This focuses on mythology in the sense of a set of stories, often building on each other. There are ancient kings and grail knights galore, but you won't find a lot of folklore like the kelpie in here.

2) It was originally published in 1990 and its age has started to show. In some areas modern research has simply passed it by: the idea that the Picts spoke a non-Celtic language, even in part, has mostly been discarded for instance, and the Kurgan hypothesis for the origins of Indo-European has only gained ground. Other elements, such as the attempt to find a historical basis for king Arthur or to find pagan remnants in the stories of the Mabinogi or the Matter of Britain, haven't necessarily been debunked (as they weren't falsifiable) but they do feel like distinctly old fashioned approaches nowadays.

All that said, it's still a fun and informative read nonetheless.
165 reviews
May 17, 2024
A fascinating insight into our mythological history and attempt to identify the real story and forgotten figures of British history. It also helps to highlight the more recent discoveries that have been made since the publication of the book.

I call it fascinating because we almost seem to have so little cultural history of the time before the Romans and Christianity’s influence (big yawning gap between the two I know) preserved due to either political reasons or means of rule and domination over the invaded people/land so I’ll take any crumb I can get my hands on. I don’t take this book as absolute fact because archaeologists are updating and filling in gaps all the time but, again, it was fascinating how much we knew or hypothesised in the 90s.

Highly recommended read either way.
Profile Image for Snakeman.
166 reviews2 followers
July 29, 2024
Interesting stories from the British Isles
Profile Image for Tom.
676 reviews12 followers
November 1, 2023
A detailed and interesting investigation into the folklore of Britain, quite easy to read and it filled a lot of gaps that I had in my understanding of early British history.
Profile Image for elizabeth anne.
26 reviews
July 26, 2024
i've always loved mythology and history, so when my best friend got me this book i was really excited to read it, especially as i love learning about history connecting to my heritage in cornwall and scotland.
so did it live up to my expectations?
sort of???

i felt like i needed major qualifications in history just to understand a lot of things in this book! the wording could be very confusing, like geoffrey was trying to get clever points by using all the different sentence structures he could think of. a lot of chapters felt like i was hitting at my brain trying to get the words in.
however, it's worth noting that i'm 16, have only just done my GCSEs, and can struggle with processing issues because i'm autistic. so, this could just be a me problem! i did skip a fair few pages because i would find a passage difficult to understand and want to skip to a more interesting part, but that's to be expected considering i don't usually read non-fiction and was branching out with this read. i actually used highlighters every time i read to make sure that i was focusing on the sentences and trying my best to understand them, which made it a very colourful experience.

but, aside from the flaws, i LOVED the chapters on arthurian mythology, on ley lines, on fairy folk and druids... they were interesting and fun and gripping, and maybe that's just because i was already interested in these more digestible things, but they were exciting to read!

so, i've only subtracted a couple stars, because if i'm honest, a lot of my struggles reading this book are likely attributed to my academic inexperience, age, and learning disability. it's a pretty good book and i really enjoyed a lot of it! would reccomend if you're interested in both history and mythology!!!
105 reviews
December 5, 2024
After finishing this exhilarating dash through the stories and legends underpinning that old Britain, you'll start to question why anyone ever thought the country lacked it's own mythology. Much more readable than Robert Graves, this book covers just about everything you'd want it to cover, and its sparseness and brevity conceal a real rigour and comprehensiveness. From Lancelot to Loch Ness, this is an excellent gazetteer to the old lost land and its lingering stories.
Profile Image for Emily Hird.
89 reviews4 followers
January 4, 2025
A really interesting read! I love mythology from all different cultures and historical points so I knew I’d like this book. Having it be British history with the close connection of home made it even better!

The book is well written and the authors research is unbelievable to be honest. So much insight and knowledge. Some of the myths I have never encountered before and I learnt about for the first time whilst others I can grown up with and this was a nice reminder. It’s also amazing to be told and myth and be like “I’ve been there!”. I grew up next to the long man of Wilmington and visited many times as a child so I loved reading about it in this book.

However, there are times this book becomes very confusing. The first few chapters I was completely lost. The author reply of a structure where he tells you the myth and then goes straight into dismantling it, sometimes even mid sentence. At first this is really confusing. Once you know it’s happening it is a bit easier to follow. I think it would have been better to section these parts. Tell the myth in once section and then show a clear divide of when he starts to compare it to history and whether any of it could have occurred or where it came from. I think this would make it more accessible! As I said though, once you know it’s coming it does get easier as your progress.

This book really comes into its own when it discusses Arthur. I feel like you could feel the authors passion on the page which made me more entertained. I finished this part much quicker than the rest!

Overall I would recommend this book to anyone who loves mythology or has a deep interest in the culture of historic Britain. I did enjoy it and I’m pleased I read it. I feel like I learnt a lot from this!
996 reviews5 followers
December 7, 2023
A scholarly but fun retelling of the tales shrouded in mystery which recount the origin of placenames and history of Britain when the first people came there. And when the first Britons went to Britain, it was only to find earlier settlers with their own legends and stories. So who went first, gods, giants, aliens or one of the lost tribes of Israel? A captivating study of folklore and legends, most of which are grounded in fact, but not as we think.

An etymological dictionary as well, as it traces the history of words and names from British folklore and legends recorded by Geoffrey of Monmouth onwards, to when the earliest recorded histories and the advent of Christianity banished mythology. The legends about individual and occasionally fabulous persons are brief but capture your imagination. One point is made, though: most mythology in Britain is Celtic folklore. Mythology the way it existed in either Greco-Roman literature, or in the Scandinavian edda just never took root in Britain. Perhaps the single exception is the mythology surrounding Arthur, but even his story is of doubtful provenance.

Particularly interesting for the non academic reader, but it would have been even better with illustrations and photographs. Or was it the copy I have? Some editions do not carry illustrations and I felt, like Alice, what was the use of a book without pictures.
Profile Image for Nosemonkey.
629 reviews17 followers
December 20, 2025
This was rather better than I was expecting. More like a historiography of myth, Robert Graves style, than a simple retelling - tracing the origins and evolution of the stories back to pre-Celtic times, with a lot of criticism for Geoffrey of Monmouth for just making shit up. While big chunks were pretty familiar, the short, focused chapters work well to maintain attention - even in the extremely familiar Arthurian bits.

The decision to stay focused on pure myth rather than hybrid figures like Boudicca is probably a good one. This is really about everything up to the Anglo-Saxon period, rather than a broader exploration of the evolution of national identity - and most of the myth/legend/historical hybrid figures have been politicised even more than Arthur. Unpicking that would be more complex, and require a lot more value judgements than we get here with the author's attempt to identity the origins and evolutions of the stories, rather than their veracity.
Profile Image for Katie.
Author 5 books7 followers
July 16, 2025
Very informative book on the mythology of the UK. Some chapters were a bit dry and I was quite disinterested in them (particularly the chapter about Roman Britain which was more a history recap and had nothing to do with the mythology of Britain). It was also very 'mansy' meaning the author heavily discussed masculine characters and events such as kingdoms, battles and polticical transactions, heros, knights and the frontiers of kings yet he was very light on feminine myths associated with the British Isles which was a shame. Boudicca, St Helen and Epona got a little mention and that's it.

I mostly enjoyed learning more about the legends, folklore and myths, of which Ashe analysed to find the origins and their truth.

Overall though it was a fascinating read.
Profile Image for Helen Robare.
813 reviews5 followers
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September 22, 2024
I'll honestly admit that I have never been a fan of the King Arthur "myth" (though I do still enjoy Walt Disney's The Sword in the Stone" film. :)

I bought this book for the other myths and legends and I was not disappointed. I've always believed that Ireland was the land where Druids and other fantasy creatures lived. This book taught me that England was also home to the Druids, Fiants, and other Fae Folk.

The fact that the author also incorporates how the stories interact and then goes on to show how viable they are becoming with research and archeology was a great addition!

I can't say I LOVED the King Arthur part but I can also say that I didn't hate it. :)
Profile Image for Stephen Howard.
Author 14 books26 followers
April 16, 2025
While I probably don’t have the contextual knowledge to challenge or scrutinise what Ashe offers here, what I did find was a really enjoyable journey through what seems to be the majority of the myth-building of Britain and Ireland. Lots of interesting information and definitely gave me a little more grounding on characters like King Arthur, Tristan and Isolde, Beowulf, etc.

Ashe spends a lot of the book referring back to Geoffrey of Monmouth’s works, so if that’s a particular interest of yours then this would like be even more fascinating to you.
Profile Image for Julian Walker.
Author 3 books12 followers
April 1, 2022
An enjoyable, highly readable, and entertaining cavort through a form of ancient, filled with magical overtones, folklore, and strange beliefs.

Packed with loads of stories I had not heard, and throwing new light (for me, at any rate) on the more well known aspects of ancient Britain (Alfred the Great and the Arthurian legend), it reads like a comfortable old pair of slippers you have popped on.

A good and absorbing read.
Profile Image for ToriBeth.
113 reviews21 followers
May 3, 2024
I wanted to read a book about ancient British history and mythology to connect with my heritage- I know almost nothing about my own history so when I saw this book I put it to the top of my tbr list. But... this book was confusing and assumed the reader had an understanding of historical knowledge already. Whilst I learned really interesting facts, I finished this book with more questions and uncertainty than when I began.
Profile Image for David Sloan.
142 reviews2 followers
March 22, 2025
I love mythology be it Greek, Norse, Celtic etc but I don't know much about British mythology. Several wasted hours later, I still don't. This is the driest, most boring book I have ever read. It reads like a dictionary or encyclopedia. There is no real narrative and very little mythology.If it wasn't for the fact that I have only given up on two books in my life, I should have saved my self several hous.
To say this whole experience was monotonous would be to do a disservice to monotony.
Profile Image for Megan ♡.
1,469 reviews
November 23, 2022
i've always been so interested in british mythology. my nan used to tell me and my cousins all sorts of myths and legends and, with her, i have visited pretty much every rock formation in england, as well as castles and other historic sites mentioned in here. so, really, this was very nostalgic for me.

book #32 of reading my owned-tbr challenge
Profile Image for Sandra.
Author 12 books33 followers
February 23, 2024
Enormously informative, on a subject I knew next to nothing about, and hugely impressive in the diligent teasing out of evidence for the most likely 'truths' behind a myriad of fictional claims of verity. (I pictured Geoffrey Ashe in a room papered with Post-it notes as he tried to ascertain provenances and follow alternative versions - truly an achievement.)
Profile Image for Rachael Green.
21 reviews1 follower
April 2, 2025
I think this one might have been better if I had read rather than listened to it. Fascinating stories steeped in their historical context but this took me longer than it should as the narrator’s voice put me to sleep (this could be a compliment or criticism depending what you are looking for from your audiobooks
Profile Image for Thomas.
Author 3 books200 followers
March 20, 2020
An unusual format with mythic narratives, mainly sourced from Geoffrey of Monmouth, preceding a "myth busting" factual analysis from Ashe. This book has stood the test of time and is not at all dated. A helpful insight into the relationship between myth and history in Britain.
Profile Image for Danielle.
37 reviews1 follower
June 18, 2020
I love this book and can’t wait to get my own copy!
Did not finish due to returning to a friend.

But this is a fantastic book for folklore lovers, and is really informative. It is laid out similarly to Robert Graves The Greek Myths.
Profile Image for Joe.
280 reviews1 follower
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January 17, 2022
No rating. This book is not my usual historical read. Very detailed but required a knowledge of ancient history as a background to the belief systems included. The mythology of the British Isles is complex and confusing without it. Did not finish.
Profile Image for Helen.
545 reviews4 followers
September 16, 2023
Mythological Britain

An interesting deconstruction of many myths and legends of Britain, from it's inhabitants by giants and it's founding by Brutus, although it is somewhat repetitive.
Displaying 1 - 30 of 51 reviews

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