مفاهيم الموهبة

by Robert J. Sternberg

This book is a scholarly overview of the modern concepts, definitions, and theories of intellectual giftedness, and of past and current developments in the field of gifted education. The authors consider, in some detail, the roles of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom in giftedness and the interaction between culture and giftedness, as well as how giftedness can be understood in terms of a construct of developing expertise. The authors also review and discuss a set of key studies that address the issues of identification and education of children with intellectual gifts. This volume may be used as a summary overview of the field for educators, psychologists, social workers, and other professionals who serve intellectually gifted children and their families.

Genres: Psychology

478 pages, Paperback

First published December 24, 2005

About the author

Robert J. Sternberg's spectacular research career in psychology had a rather inauspicious beginning. In elementary school he performed poorly on IQ tests, and his teachers' actions conveyed their low expectations for his future progress. Everything changed when his fourth grade teacher, Mrs. Alexa, saw that he had potential and challenged him to do better. With her encouragement, he became a high-achieving student, eventually graduating summa cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa from Yale University. In a gesture of gratitude, Dr. Sternberg dedicated his book, Successful Intelligence to Mrs. Alexa.

Dr. Sternberg's personal experiences with intelligence testing in elementary school lead him to create his own intelligence test for a 7 th grade science project. He happened to find the Stanford-Binet scales in the local library, and with unintentional impertinence, began administering the test to his classmates; his own test, the Sternberg Test of Mental Abilities (STOMA) appeared shortly thereafter. In subsequent years he distinguished himself in many domains of psychology, having published influential theories relating to intelligence, creativity, wisdom, thinking styles, love and hate.

Dr. Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of (Successful) Intelligence contends that intelligent behavior arises from a balance between analytical, creative and practical abilities, and that these abilities function collectively to allow individuals to achieve success within particular sociocultural contexts. Analytical abilities enable the individual to evaluate, analyze, compare and contrast information. Creative abilities generate invention, discovery, and other creative endeavors. Practical abilities tie everything together by allowing individuals to apply what they have learned in the appropriate setting. To be successful in life the individual must make the best use of his or her analytical, creative and practical strengths, while at the same time compensating for weaknesses in any of these areas. This might involve working on improving weak areas to become better adapted to the needs of a particular environment, or choosing to work in an environment that values the individual's particular strengths. For example, a person with highly developed analytical and practical abilities, but with less well-developed creative abilities, might choose to work in a field that values technical expertise but does not require a great deal of imaginative thinking. Conversely, if the chosen career does value creative abilities, the individual can use his or her analytical strengths to come up with strategies for improving this weakness. Thus, a central feature of the triarchic theory of successful intelligence is adaptability-both within the individual and within the individual's sociocultural context.

Reviews

[Nude Literária · Rating 4 out of 5]

Este livro é um grande compilado acerca das pesquisas sobre inteligência e, em menor escala, sobre superdotação. Apesar do título misleading, em partes eu concordo que não dê para falar sobre altas habilidades sem antes explicar os pormenores do constructo, ou constructos, de inteligencia.

O autor percorre, ainda que de forma bem abrangente, de maneira rasa cada um dos tipos de inteligência, diferentes abordagens, diferentes preocupações. A seção de referências tem mais de 40 páginas. Eu imagino que seria um baita desafio ele explicar a origem e as pesquisas por trás, mas eu não pude deixar de sentir falta. A cada parágrafo (e não é um grande exagero) vinha uma lista de nomes e datas e números de referência. Por isso, apesar de ter aumentado muito minha compreensão, não posso deixar de mencionar meu sentimento de incompletude. Não é nem um gosto de "quero mais", mas sim um de "faltou algo". Não tenho dúvidas de que essa abordagem que proponho dobraria o tamanho do livro, mas eu estaria disposto.

Ele aborda desde sua visão e dos Co autores, a outras preocupações - como cultura, vieses, disparidades sociais, deficiência, e por aí vai.
Para quem é novo na área, é um prato cheio de termos. Contudo, não é um livro muito aplicável à vida real, porque no final, após você saber o que é inteligência, não tem muito o que fazer. Você aprende sobre isso e é isso.

[Dr Usama Ibrahim · Rating 5 out of 5]

هذا كتاب، في نسختيه الإنجليزية والمترجمة، فريد في مجاله، تضمن 24 فصلاً، تضمن تقريباً جميع مفاهيم الموهبة الرئيسة السائدة في المجال. والكتاب بهذا الشكل يلبي حاجة حقيقية للميدان التربوي، وعلى الرغم من عدم الاتفاق بين الباحثين على مفهوم محدد للموهبة، إلا أن الكتاب يضمن للباحثين للمهتمين الوقوف على أهم جوانب هذا المفهوم الغامض والمعقد.

[Aref Atia · Rating 5 out of 5]

أحد إصدارات سلسلة موهبة العلمية

كتاب يهم كل متخصص في مجال الموهبة والإبداع للتعرف على المفاهيم العلمية المتعلقة بهذا المجال

اعتقد أنه يصلح مقرر دراسي للدارسين والمربين والمهتمين بالمبدعين

[Thomas Koziara · Rating 5 out of 5]

This book is awesome. It provides so many examples of scholars' opinions on giftedness.