Author Stephen Baxter has a thesis to argue: Climate change has been a driver of historical events since ancient times. We tend to leave this our when we study history. We tell the stories of what kings conquered what countries, considering their motivations of pride, greed, revenge, but rarely considering that a change in the growing season may have diminished food production, and made populations unstable.
In this book there has been a worldwide drought for several years, causing starvation and the fall of empires. Then a volcanic eruption causes two to three years of freezing cold summers, further stressing the fragile world order. Masses of people with nothing to lose are willing to migrate to a new land, and to fight.
Stephen Baxter has another thesis to argue: Farming sucks. I am 100% on board with the first thesis, but conflicted about the second one. Historically there is truth to what he says. Skeletons of people who lived after the birth of agriculture are shorter in stature, and marked by more diseases than people of hunter-gatherer societies.
That is exactly how Baxter depicts farmers in this book: they are short, exhausted, and sick. Covered with dust, they plod away at their tasks with demoralized eyes. The societies supported by agriculture are warlike, oppressive, dependent on slavery, and ruled by rich elites.
By contrast, the people of Northland, despite having literacy and an organized culture that supports public works such as the maintainence of the wall, and the digging of canals, live by hunting, fishing, and foraging. They live in small communities, not large cities, and are depicted as tall and healthy.
Well, good for them. But was farming really so awful? Maybe a steady diet of barley porridge was unhealthy, but milk, peas, carrots, and apples are wonderfully healthy foods. I wonder at Baxter’s apparent hostility toward farming, considering that the genius of this series of books is imagining how things might be if history had happened differently. How might it be if the people who lived in Northland (real-life Doggerland) had protected themselves from rising sea levels by building a wall? How might it be if trade between Europe and the Americas had begun early enough to allow the American peoples to develop immunity to smallpox and other diseases, and for potatoes and maize to reach Europe earlier? So why not ask: How might it be if agriculture had developed without an accompanying culture of oppression and disease? It could have happened.
But the story of Bronze Summer is what it is. And the story is that the people of Northland have continued building their great Wall, adding to it for generations until it stretches from what is today England to what is today France. The wall is hugely thick, with stairs up and down it, and a walkway on top, and hidden rooms right inside the wall. Windmills keep the water pumped out. Roads and canals are maintained by volunteer work groups, as a tradition.
The Annid of Annids, the head of Northland society, has just been killed. Her bronze armor was pierced by an iron arrow. Iron is harder than bronze, but the people of Northland don’t know how to make it. Only the Hatti people of Anatolia (in real life the Hittites) know how to make it. The dead Annid’s daughter Milaqa (and is that supposed to be pronounced as if it is Milaka, or Milaqua? What am I supposed to make of the Q without the U?) doesn’t know what career to choose. It is recommended that she study languages, become an interpreter, and travel the world to find out who killed her mother.
Meanwhile the Hatti empire has had a coup, and the Hatti empress Kilushepa has been taken into slavery. Troy has also fallen. When we read the Iliad, we imagine that Troy was completely obliterated, and that’s that. But the city remains, although burnt out and full of rubble, with a handful of hardscrabble ruffians making a living in a Mad Max kind of dystopia. One of these is Qirim (again with the solo Q). He buys Kilushepa, who announces to Qirim that she is a queen. She becomes Qirim’s lover, and begins plotting to get her kingdom back, with his help.
And everyone ends up in Northland, and they put an expedition together to travel back to the Hatti capital of Hattusa. Everyone is going to get something they want. The Northlanders are going to learn the secret of making Hatti iron. This is going to allow them to protect themselves against the hordes of starving continentals they believe are coming to invade Northland.
The Hattis are going to get access to seed potatoes to support their starving populations. They have been buying potato mash from the Northlanders, which the Northlanders don’t grow themselves, but buy from the Americas. The Northlanders have been willing to sell the foodstuffs, but have not wanted to give away the seeds before now, because then they would lose their edge in trade. (This seemed to me un-Northlander-like, with their emphasis on a free and fair society, but it forwards the plot).
Kilushepa will get her throne back, and Qirim assumes he will get power at her side. Of course there are complications, and betrayals, and in the end, war. There are numerous acts of brutality that are described in more detail than I thought necessary. Or perhaps were not necessary at all. I understand that Baxter wants to show us that traumatic experiences warp a person's psyche, and that societal breakdown enables cruel men to practice their cruelty freely. But how hard did he have to work to convince us of that? A few well-placed details would have done it.
Things are complicated. As an example, here are the names of some of the people who play roles in the story: Milaqa, Kuma, Teel, Qirim, Praxo, Hadhe, Kilushepa, Voro, Medoc, Tibo, Deri, Nago, Caxa, Xivu, Riban, Noli, Bren, Raka, Vala, Mi, Liff, Kurunta, the Spider, Hunda, Muwa, Zidanza, Urhi, Erishum. It really isn’t that hard to follow, but yes, it’s a lot of characters.
If you want an action story with some twists and turns, you got that, and if you want a novel that gives you something to think about, you got that, too. With a warning about the acts of brutality.