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The Medical Book: From Witch Doctors to Robot Surgeons, 250 Milestones in the History of Medicine

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Following his hugely successful The Math Book and The Physics Book , Clifford Pickover now chronicles the advancement of medicine in 250 entertaining, illustrated landmark events. Touching on such diverse subspecialties as genetics, pharmacology, neurology, sexology, and immunology, Pickover intersperses “obvious” historical milestones--the Hippocratic Oath, general anesthesia, the Human Genome Project--with unexpected and intriguing topics like “truth serum,” the use of cocaine in eye surgery, and face transplants.

528 pages, Hardcover

First published September 1, 2012

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About the author

Clifford A. Pickover

88 books233 followers
Clifford Alan Pickover is an American author, editor, and columnist in the fields of science, mathematics, science fiction, innovation, and creativity. For many years, he was employed at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown, New York, where he was editor-in-chief of the IBM Journal of Research and Development. He has been granted more than 700 U.S. patents, is an elected Fellow for the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry, and is author of more than 50 books, translated into more than a dozen languages.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 32 reviews
Profile Image for ?0?0?0.
727 reviews38 followers
July 11, 2021
Short entries on important discoveries, advancements, medicines, failures, and personalities in the history of medicine presented in a heavy hardcover volume that doesn't go too deep into the topics or wild speculations whilst striking a decent balance for the reader to further look into what interests her most.
Profile Image for George.
26 reviews23 followers
August 23, 2015
The Medical Book by Clifford Pickover is part of his Sterling Milestones series. With 250 turning points in medicine, Pickover expresses the history of the discipline as a timeline of significant medical advances. Starting Neolithic advances like trepanation and folk medicine right through to Gene Therapy and other cutting edge advances the entire scope of medicine and recorded human history is covered. Each entry has a concise description that is informative as well as being entertaining and a photograph opposite depicting the subject. Obvious ground is covered such as antibiotics and basic sanitation. We are also shown less intuitive entries as with the lobotomy or alchemy.

A self-confessed anatophile, Pickover’s book is heavy on the anatomy; a lot of the milestones end up being another published anatomy reflecting the author’s passion for the subject. With Albinus, Morgagni, Hunter, Da Vinci and Grey’s anatomies all vying for entries in this encyclopaedia, what does one more add? Perhaps the space could have been used to cover some other areas such as the NHS or the Smallpox Eradication programme. However, beyond that, it is difficult to think of a speciality or milestone not covered or mentioned by this book.

In this carefully complied timeline we can see the evolution of healthcare which threads through human development and history. Events such as the Napoleonic Wars are referenced the inclusion of these is justified with notes and references written with brevity enough to pique the interest but not drown the casual reader with large blocks of texts or medical jargon.

In summary, The Medical Book offers brief glimpses into the advances of the giants whose shoulder modern medicine is built upon. From basic ideas like simple hygiene techniques to complicated and advanced telesurgery, Pickover manages to cover the breadth of healthcare through the ages. This is a great read for anyone interested in the history of their discipline or the medical humanities.
39 reviews
March 9, 2013
A great easy to understand overview of medicine's greatest milestones. Very accessible as it only spends a page on each topic.
3 reviews4 followers
January 29, 2014
Interesting stuff and lavishly illustrated. Probably a good gateway for introducing people to unusual medical practices.
Profile Image for Lisezlascience.
21 reviews16 followers
November 30, 2015
Avant-propos

D’abord publié sous le titre “The Medical Book: From Witch Doctors to Robot Surgeons” chez Sterling Publishing en version originale en 2012, la version francophone, sujet de cette revue, a été publiée fin 2013 chez Dunod.

Je vais commencer par ce que ce livre n’est pas avant d’aborder ensuite ce qu’il est réellement. Tout d’abord, il n’a rien à voir avec celui qui a été le sujet de la précédente revue. On ne se voit pas plongé dans la vie des découvreurs ou ce genre de chose. Ce livre ne va pas non plus vous expliquer les tenants et les aboutissants de telle ou telle découverte. Il s’agit plus d’un condensé des faits marquants, selon l’auteur, qui ont jallonné l’histoire de la médecine. On comprend, à travers la description des différents avancées, comment s’est forgée la compréhension des mécanismes biologiques à l’oeuvre dans notre corps, de quelle manière le combat contre les maladie a été mené, etc.

La présentation des éléments du livre est aussi particulière : Clifford Pickover a choisi de réaliser une présentation chronologique des faits historiques qu’il mentionne. Ainsi chaque double page correspond à un évènement en particulier : la page de gauche est dédiée à une description du moment en question, et la page de droite est une illustration. Pour chaque sujet Clifford Pickover donne la date, l’évènement en question et les sujets autrement abordés dans le livre avec lesquels il peut être lié.

La revue

En lisant ce livre, j’ai été surpris par les dates données pour certains évènements marquants et tout notamment au début de l’Histoire de la Médecine telle que la décrit Clifford Pickover. Qui aurait cru que des yeux de verre étaient utilisés il y a près de 5 millénaires ? On découvre en effet qu’un prétrêsse en portait un de son vivant et qu’il était fait de goudron naturel et d’or. Sûrement utilisé dans un cadre religieux ou pour symboliser des pouvoir particuliers.

On découvre aussi que les saignées ont été pratiquées pendant presque 3500 ans avec diverses justifications, ou soins supposés et ceci jusqu’à il y a assez récemment comme en 1923 où cette pratique était encore recommandée dans des ouvrages de médecine. On apprend ainsi qu’elle était déjà pratiquée en Egypte ancienne, qu’elle fut notamment rendue populaire par Galien et que c’est une des causes de la mort de George Washington qui, et je cite, “atteint d’une infection de la gorge , fut accélérée par la considérable quantité de sang qui lui fut prélevée lors d’une saignée”.

En parlant des saignées, j’ai cité Galien. Cet homme fut assurément l’un des médecins grecs les plus connus en dehors d’Hippocrate. À travers ses écrits extrêment nombreux on a pu observer les différents domaines sur lesquels il s’est penché : dissection, vivisection, contrôle de l’activité musculaire via les nerfs par le cerveau, etc. Ses ouvrages ont gardé pendant presque 1000 ans un impact fort sur les médecins du monde arabe et en Europe. Parlant d’Hippocrate, qui vécut presque 600 ans avant Galien, on sait en fait assez peu de choses sur l’homme. En dehors de l’aspect un peu farfelu de la base de la médecine (un dérèglement de quatre humeurs : sang, bile noire, bile jaune et phlegme), le serment qui porte son nom était adopté par les médecins, et visait à assurer une certaine éthique dans les pratiques. Il est bon de savoir que les écrits issus et/ou écrits par Hippocrate avaient cette qualité (qui s’est perdue à une certaine période) qu’ils exprimaient les maladies comme des phénomènes naturels et non reliés à une quelconque divinité …

Le livre s’intéresse d’ailleurs tout particulièrement aux avancées qui ont été réalisées ces deux derniers siècles. Près des trois-quarts couvrent des évènements qui se passent depuis 1774. Clifford Pickover aborde ainsi pêle-mêle les avancées de la chirurgie comme les différentes méthodes d’analyse comme l’électrocardiographe et l’électroencéphalogramme, la radiothérapie ou encore la mammographie, ou le traitement des grandes maladies de notre temps : vaccination de la variole, rougeole, peste bubonique, etc.

En conclusion

En conclusion, “Le Beau Livre de la Médecine : Des sorciers guérisseurs à la microchirurgie” nous apprend plein de chose, mais vraiment énormément. Que ce soit sur la médecine en général, sur ses pratiques au cours du temps, sur les découvertes, et sur les Hommes et Femmes qui ont permis les avancées. Je regrette un peu la faible longueur de chaque explication des évènements que nous présente Clifford Pickover. On se retrouve parfois un tantinet frustré à devoir à se sentir en train de survoler certain d’entre eux, mais il faut ce qu’il faut pour arriver à parler des évènements les plus importants. Ceci donne peut-être plus l’envie de lire d’autres ouvrages qui s’appesantiraient finalement sur ceux qui ont aiguillonés notre curiosité.

Il faut aussi prévenir: il ne s’agit pas d’un vidal médical, mais certaines âmes sensibles pourraient être un peu secouées par certains passages comme pour les forceps utilisés pour la sortie des bébés pendant la naissance, les causes de cancer, ou le fait que pendant très longtemps les patients n’était pas endormies ou les plaies désinfectées …

On découvre aussi comment pendant longtemps la médecine a été un domaine dans lequel, la mécompréhension de certains phénomènes provoquait superstitions, supputations maladroites à l’origine de traitements inutiles voire contre-productifs, etc. Mais finalement c’est l’avancée dans cette science très pratique qui permis de faire des découvertes.

On apprend d’ailleurs comment certains préjugés ou certaines préconceptions ont eu la vie dure pendant des siècles: on découvre par exemple que les médecins juifs ont été, et depuis très longtemps, en proie à une stigmatisation comme aux États-Unis où les étudiants juifs de l’université de Colombia devaient porter un H (pour hébreux) sur leur tenue afin de les identifier pendant la seconde guerre mondiale. On découvre aussi que pendant longtemps les hommes ont été écartés des actes médicaux liés au moment de la naissance avec, par exemple, l’histoire du Dr Wertt qui fut brûlé pour s’être déguisé en femme afin d’assister à des accouchements et apprendre à mettre des enfants au monde.

Ce livre, quand on s’éloigne et que l’on regarde le sommaire par exemple, donne un peu le vertige : on se rend compte de la quantité de découvertes, après tout, assez récentes, dont nous jouissons dans notre médecine moderne et le nombre important de maladies dont on ne pouvait rien dire ou que l’on ne pouvait pas traiter il y a à peine un siècle !

Finalement un bon ouvrage pour vous intéresser à la médecine, son Histoire, et qui vous donnera peut-être envie d’en savoir plus !

Pour la revue complète, une présentation de l'auteur et plus, rendez-vous sur la revue détaillée sur le site de LisezLaScience : https://lisezlascience.wordpress.com/2014/06/26/lisezlascience-5-le-beau-livre-de-la-medecine-de-clifford-pickover/
Profile Image for Cal Sab.
52 reviews2 followers
April 19, 2024
This book has been sitting on my bookshelf for literal years and I’m glad I finally got around to reading and finishing it. I’ve always had a foot in the medical world with a lot of my relatives being practitioners in medicine, so I thought this was definitely a fascinating read to learn the overall history of various practices we use commonly today. I’ve even used some of the content in here as a further learning opportunity for a book I’m currently working on.
While I understand this book is older (mine is a 2013 edition), so not everything may be as correct (both politically and scientifically), I still feel like this could maybe go through another editor nowadays and correct some of the information, especially the information about Dr. James Barry, whom was a transgender doctor and wanted to remain known as a man postmortem (to which the book both misgenders and calls him “the first woman in Britain to become a qualified medical doctor”). Additionally, while I understand the processes of pregnancy and fertility in people with uteruses has come a significant way throughout the years of medicine, I felt like there were several entries that overlapped on the concept.
Overall, I think it’s a pretty good read for those interested in medicine or those wanting an overview of medical achievements from the beginning of time, I’d suggest finding a copy that’s a little more recent, hopefully with some fixes both in some of the science and just general facts. It’s a pretty slow read though, just from the sheer amount of information presented, so prepare yourself to take several breaks.
Profile Image for Kirby R..
75 reviews
October 8, 2018
One really can't do much better than a huge, colorful book on medical history.

The Medical Book is a brilliant collection of some of the most important incidents in medicine, ranging all the way from witch doctors and urinoscopy to robotic surgery and human cloning. The book includes both the traditional milestones (Germ Theory, PET scans, organ transplants, etc) and the infamous, sometimes macabre topics and incidents of some few centuries ago that (bloodletting, trepanation, "the rabbit died," etc.). As such, there is an equal balance of unbelievable malpractices and fantastic improvements. Therefore, this book contains something for anyone even remotely interested in the field of medicine. I personally picked it up hoping for information on barber-surgeons and barber-surgeons only, and I was certainly delighted to have found so much more. In addition, each section is only a page long, thus keeping the reader constantly interested with a new and engaging tool or event. Whether one only reads one section or reads the book back to back, they will no doubt adore it.
416 reviews12 followers
December 28, 2024
Just barely finished this book for this reading year. I've never read one of these big books (kind of like a DK book). This book really covered a lot of medical information...some of it I had read before, but mostly new information especially on the people involved with the various medical technology and medicines that were discovered over the years. Even though this doesn't go into great depth about a lot of this, it covers so much and I highly recommend it for students interested in medicine. I found it fascinating, and the reason it took so long to read...is I kept going to look up things online while reading this book, for more information.

This coming year I'm starting Pickover's book on Drugs...again just because I'm fascinated by this information. Wish I had read these books earlier when I was teaching.
Profile Image for Anna Engel.
698 reviews2 followers
October 13, 2025
My four most significant medical milestones would be water chlorination, ether and anesthesia, germ theory, and vaccinations. Overall, this book is a pretty good introduction to a wide variety of medical developments and discoveries. Importantly, no medical or scientific discovery occurs in a vacuum or spontaneously, so the author has done a great job cross-referencing the other related entries. The entries are short, but they’re well-research and informative as a jumping-off point. I found myself going down rabbit holes on several entries to learn move.
180 reviews1 follower
July 18, 2024
Pouhá katalogizace historických milníků ve vývoji medicíny s pěknými obrázky... nic víc.

A přitom lze i tak zdánlivě čistě informativní téma, jakým je historie lékařství, zpracovat jako poutavé vyprávění. Důkazem budiž úžasná kniha: Dějiny medicíny - Od starověku po současnost od Roy Porter. Kterou bych rád doporučil všem, kteří chtějí i od knihy organizující milníky historie víc, než jen chronologicky poskládaná hesla.
Profile Image for Karla.
1,668 reviews15 followers
July 11, 2018
This was really interesting
A pick up and sit down coffee table or bathroom reader ... unless it’s black flagged and stays by the commode

Little one page pieces of history worth remembering


Some was above my head, not being in the medical field, but majority was just plain informative
Chronological
Illustrations were good as well

33 reviews
February 26, 2022
Brillant. Il retrace l'histoire de la médecine en 250 découvertes et on y découvre des faits très intéressants. Il a aide également à comprendre que la médecine moderne n'est pas occidentale comme certains veulent nous le faire croire. Elle s'est faite durant des siècles pour devenir ce qu'elle est aujourd'hui et beaucoup y ont apporté une contribution.
1 review
February 16, 2025
I thought it was a book that will definitely be remembered, i did like the section on nano technology as it went into depth on how nano technology can be used in the medical field. Not gonna lie i couldn't finish it as my stomach couldn't handle it but you learn something new everyday impressive amount of patents, and career.
Profile Image for Ditza.
Author 2 books
May 16, 2025
A fascinating medical journey through the ages, in short palatable chapters, with citations.

Learning about healing practices and medical reasoning in yesteryear was amazing.

This book is a fine tribute to the many scientists and medical professionals throughout history of mankind.

Grateful to be living in today's medical era.
359 reviews1 follower
March 20, 2024
Very Informative

I thoroughly enjoyed this book! The author did a wonderful job of researching, collating, and presenting the information in an easily understandable manner. The source notes give readers an opportunity for more in-depth reading.
Profile Image for Charlie.
303 reviews44 followers
May 30, 2020
Love the format of the book, very informative but it’s not a book for remembering all the information it provides. Much better if you want to know quick bite sized pieces.
Profile Image for Tim.
215 reviews
January 1, 2022
A fun coffee table book full of interesting facts. Don't expect depth or full coverage of important events. This is simply a cursory summation of the highlights accompanied by pictures.
Profile Image for Priscilla.
299 reviews1 follower
January 5, 2022
Great single page a day read to keep the doctor away ;)
Profile Image for Meli.
151 reviews
July 25, 2024
Lo encontré por mucha casualidad en una librería enana en Villa La Angostura y lo compré de una. ¡No me arrepiento!
Es una mini enciclopedia que por medio de sus casi 530 hojas hace un recorrido por 250 hitos de la medicina a través del tiempo (comenzando en 10000 a.C. hasta el sigo XXI).
Una de las cosas más interesantes es que aborda todo tipo de temas, no solo descubrimientos e inventos, sino también el juramento hipocrático, las armas biológicas, la clonación, las experiencias cercanas a la muerte, el placebo, la medicina alternativa etc
Es entretenido y de fácil lectura y compresión.
El trabajo que realizó el autor del libro es realmente increíble!; porque además de que cada tema está cuidadosamente elegido, este está pulcramente desarrollado, y con su respectiva ilustración, lo que se le agrega las "Notas y lecturas recomendadas" donde se da bibliografía para profundizar.
Clifford Pickover: "la medicina me pone en estado de maravilla perpetua sobre los límites de la biología y la labor de las células. Y también me da esperanza de que los azotes más terribles que castigan a la salud de la humanidad algún día serán cosa del pasado".
Profile Image for Wink.
36 reviews4 followers
April 7, 2014
A FASCINATING LOOK AT 250 MEDICAL MARVELS

The Medical Book is a fascinating compilation of 250 medical milestones described in chronological order, starting with Witch Doctors in 10,000 B.C. and ending with Human Cloning in 2008. I started by flipping around to random topics: Bloodletting (1500 B.C.), Condom (1564), Women Medical Students (1812), Leech Therapy (1825), Cause of Leprosy (1873), Transorbital Lobotomy (1946), and Hand Transplants (1964). Each entry contains one page of interesting history and correlating facts accompanied by a stunning image, and each had me completely absorbed. Now I’m reading the milestones in order so I don’t miss a thing. If a curio cabinet could be pressed into the pages of a book, this would be it.– Carla Sinclair

The Medical Book
by Clifford A. Pickover
Sterling
2012, 528 pages, 7.7 x 9 x 1.4
$22 Buy a copy on Amazon
Profile Image for Allyson Dyar.
438 reviews57 followers
February 11, 2016
My spouse purchased this book for me for Christmas 2014. Since it’s edging towards Christmas 2015, I thought it was time that I reviewed this book.

The Medical Book: From Witch Doctors to Robot Surgeons, 250 Milestones in the History of Medicine comes off more of a coffee table book. The left side of the page is the description of the picture on the right side.

It was fun to read and really didn’t tell me much of what I hadn’t known previously. The pictures are stunning and well worth just leafing through the book to soak them up. I read this book as a hardcover so I have no clue how it would look on a mobile device (or if it’s available in e-book).

I wouldn’t recommend The Medical Book as a primary tome of medical history but it would make a fine supplement. Besides, it’ll look spiffy on your medical history shelf!

I’ll rate this book a solid 4/5 stars.
Profile Image for Audrey.
3 reviews
April 1, 2022
This was probably one of the best books I have every read. I really liked how short each topic was and each page was really interesting. My favorite topic was trepanation where it talked about how people in ancient times cured any illness or pain by cutting holes into their skull. My favorite thing about the book is that each page is only one or two paragraphs long, they tell you about everything you would need to know about each topic and doesn't put in any useless information. It was really interesting reading about our progression in medicine and I would recommend it to anyone who likes nonfiction.
Profile Image for Sophia.
233 reviews111 followers
June 9, 2015
I love how information is presented in these books: by chronological discovery/milestone, informative without using technical jargon (unless explained). There might be slight innacuracies (although I wouldn't know), but the point is to have a general over view of a subject, not become a master in it. By ordering the information by date, you understand more than just the single topic, you understand what it meant to be living in a historical period before and after that moment.
Profile Image for aquaticmisadventures.
2 reviews
February 15, 2014
Medical History is fascinating stuff and this was organized in a manner that made it easy enough to gather bits and pieces and not overwhelm the self. Some of the phrasing of parts felt problematic though. Medical history is fraught with social injustices and that needs to be considered heavily when compiling/writing a book like this.
Profile Image for Krisette Spangler.
1,346 reviews38 followers
August 9, 2014
Excellent overview of medicine from witch doctors to the current day. Each page gives a brief overview of a medical advance for the time period. I found it so fascinating to read about how far medicine has come over the years. I'm grateful medical practices are much more humane in our day. I can't imagine enduring some of the medical procedures that were practiced even a 100 years ago.
Profile Image for Sarah.
38 reviews
January 26, 2015
This is definitely not a book for everyone. I love reading about medical advances, so it's one of my favorite books ever. It's so interesting to see what they were doing in 10,000 B.C, all the way up to 2008. The medical milestones range from the obvious, but still interesting, all the way to the bizarre like trepanation.
Profile Image for Leonardo Noto.
Author 5 books33 followers
December 30, 2012
A very solid book. An easy read with excellent illustrations/images on every other page that add greatly to the written content.
1 review6 followers
January 2, 2016
A fascinating guide through the greatest medical discoveries of the time.
Displaying 1 - 30 of 32 reviews

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