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288 pages, Hardcover
First published January 1, 2013
Why do we prefer spending time with our friends over our families? ... More likely, our time with our pals is more enjoyable because of our expectations. When we're with friends, we bring sympathy and understanding and leave out some of the grievances we carry into interactions with family members. We tend to demand less of friends than we do from relatives or our romantic partners, and each friend provides us distinct benefits. For instance, one might be our confidante, another might make us laugh, while a third is our go-to person for political discussion. We don't insist that they be everything to us; thus we are less disappointed when a friend falls short in a certain way than we are when a parent or spouse does the same.
By the same token, gossiping and teasing are used to bond with friends as often as they are employed to fuel conflicts. Such behavior starts early. Preschoolers regularly exclude playmates from activities and use threats to get what they want, as in "If you don't play the daddy, you can't be in our group." Adults, while more subtle and sophisticated, continue to engage in relational aggression. "Our moms tell us not to gossip," says Grace. "But they do it with their friends all the time! It's hard not to do it."