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216 pages, Hardcover
First published January 2, 2013
Nowhere has the phenomenon of trophic cascades been studied more closely than in Yellowstone National Park. In less than two decades, the region went from having no wolves at all to having one of the highest concentrations of wolves in the world. …(With the reintroduction of wolves) … areas along stream banks that were previously heavily impacted by elk, willows and aspen began to return. When their favorite food and building material reappeared, beavers flourished, engineering broad wetlands that attracted frogs, swans, and sandhill cranes. Stream banks once picked clear of vegetation and eroded by hooves erupted in wildflowers, which nourished insects, which in turn fed songbirds that nested among the thick willows. The water below now became shaded, cool and clear – a better habitat for aquatic-born insects.