After his mother's death, he entered the novitiate of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate in June 1822. His first attempt at seminary ended due to illness, but, after his father's death, he was admitted to the major seminary in Grenoble. He was ordained a priest of the Diocese of Grenoble on July 20, 1834.
In 1839, he joined the Marists, the Society of Mary, and worked as a spiritual advisor for seminarians and priests. In 1845, he was named Provincial Superior of the Society of Mary.
He founded two communities dedicated to the Blessed Sacrament: the Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament, in 1856, and - with the encouragement of John Vianney, the Cure d'Ars - the Servants of the Blessed Sacrament, in 1858.
He was declared venerable in 1908, beatified by Pope Pius XI on 12 July 1925, and canonized by Pope John XXIII on 9 December 1962. Pope John Paul II named Eymard "Apostle of the Eucharist".