What do you think?
Rate this book


320 pages, Hardcover
First published April 1, 2012
The ministries were parallel, and at times overlapping, centers of power. Multiple intelligence services reported directly to Gaddafi and operated independently from the police. Gaddafi had destroyed the private sector in the 1970s, and now the businesses that thrived were monopolies owned by his sons and other relatives, and by cronies. Libya didn’t even have a president with defined powers—Gaddafi denied that he held any official position at all, pretending that power resided with the people. He ruled by an unwritten personal decree.
Muammar Gaddafi’s four-decade-long zigzag trajectory from enemy to friend and back to enemy again has no parallel in modern history. In 1986, U.S. president Ronald Reagan called him a “mad dog” and bombed his compound. Eighteen years later British prime minister Tony Blair praised him as a leader who wanted to make “common cause with us against Al Qaeda, extremists and terrorism” and shook hands in his ceremonial tent. “Old hostilities do not need to go on forever,” added U.S. president George W. Bush.