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Judgment at Nuremberg: A Play

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The Nuremberg trials brought to public attention the worst of the Nazi atrocities. Judgment at Nuremberg brings those trials to life. Abby Mann's riveting drama Judgment at Nuremberg not only brought some of the worst Nazi atrocities to public attention, but has become, along with Elie Wiesel's Night and Anne Frank's Diary of a Young Girl, one of the twentieth century's most important records of the Holocaust. Originally written as a 1957 television play, later made into an Academy Award winning 1961 film, and available now for the first time in print (using the text of Mann's recent Broadway adaptation), Judgment at Nuremberg is as potent and relevant as ever. To this day the Nuremberg trials stand as a model for international criminal tribunals, due in large measure to the spotlight thrown on them by Mann's dramatic interpretation of the historic events. Mann's overwhelming compassion strikes at the heart of human suffering—his achievement has been to reaffirm humanity and justice in the wake of unspeakable evil.

110 pages, Paperback

First published December 1, 1961

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About the author

Abby Mann

29 books5 followers
Abby Mann was an American film writer and producer, best known as the author of Judgment at Nuremberg.

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46 (19%)
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 32 reviews
Profile Image for Mark.
1,174 reviews164 followers
February 1, 2020
I'm not sure I ever watched the whole movie of Judgment at Nuremberg, so I was intrigued to find a script of the play done on Broadway in the early 2000s.

The author of the play, Abby Mann (born Abraham Goodman), grew up in East Pittsburgh, where his father was a jeweler. He suffered anti-semitic remarks in school and in the Army, from which he was discharged after basic training because of poor eyesight. Later, while working as a Hollywood screenwriter, he became intrigued with the Nuremberg trials -- particularly the later trials in which some of Germany's leading judges were put on trial, and that became the basis for his play.

It's quite a short play -- just two acts, moving from the courtroom to a few domestic and prison scenes, and then to the final confrontation between an American judge and a once distinguished German jurist whom he had just helped convict.

Mann wrote the original screenplay for Judgment at Nuremberg in 1957, at the height of McCarthyism, and the parallels were not lost on him. As he described it in a forward, much of the play's material came directly from transcripts he read and interviews he conducted in Germany, including the stories of a young man who was sterilized because his family were Communists, and a young woman who was accused of having sex with an older Jewish man, who was executed for the alleged offense.

Mann is unsparing in his view that German civic leaders bore as much blame as the Nazi hierarchy, but he is also careful to show how much the whole world was at fault for Hitler's rise. The German defense attorney says to the tribunal: "What about the rest of the world, Your Honors? Did they not know the intentions of the Third Reich? Did they not hear the words of Hitler broadcast all over the world? Did they not read his intentions in Mein Kampf, published in every corner of the world? Where is the responsibility of the Soviet Union, who in 1939 signed a pact with Hitler and enabled him to make war? Are we now to find Russia guilty? Where is the responsibility of the Vatican who signed the Concordat Pact in 1933 with Hitler, giving him his first tremendous prestige? Are we now to find the Vatican guilty? Where is the responsibility of Winston Churchill, who said in an open letter to the London Times, in 1938 -- 1938, Your Honors! -- 'Were England to suffer a national disaster, I should pray to God to send a man of the strength of mind and will of an Adolf Hitler.' Are we now to find Winston Churchill guilty? Where is the responsibility of those American industrialists who helped Hitler to rebuild his arms and profited by that rebuilding? Are we to find the American industrialists guilty?"

Clear-eyed, but with a sense that when evil overtakes humanity, there are many, many dirty hands.

To this day, a powerful play.
Profile Image for Brad.
Author 2 books1,904 followers
January 24, 2024
The War on Gaza was on day 106 when I decided to track down a version of Judgment at Nuremberg. I didn't have a hard copy (but one is on its way), and I wanted to avoid watching the film version until after I experienced a stage version, so I went with the always reliable L.A. Theatre Works production. It was as powerful and important a play as I remembered it, made all the more poignant for what was happening in the world on January 21st, 2024.

We watched a genocide in real time. Will there be any justice for those caught up in it? If so, it will come about because of the Nuremberg trials. But then the Nuremberg trials were meant to ensure that genocides would not happen again because anyone and everyone who took part in the genocide could be prosecuted, and look how that went.

Everyone should read this play, listen to this play, see this play, or watch this film. Abby Mann's lessons for us have always been important, and they remain so now -- in the middle of a genocide.

It is now January 24th, 2024 and the genocide is still happening. I demand a ceasefire (but who's listening?). Free Palestine.

My heart breaks for anyone who is the victim of ethnic cleansing, no matter when or where.
Profile Image for Steven.
Author 1 book65 followers
August 16, 2020
This play should be mandatory viewing for the American electorate prior to November 2020...

The excuses made by the Germans while Hitler came to power and destroyed the institutions who were there to stop him - how they didn't know what was happening, how they only did what they did for love of their country, how they were only following orders and obeying the law - are reminiscent of the modern day Republican party and its surrender to Donald Trump...

It took Hitler 12 years to get from assuming power to the Holocaust of those who were different... where will America be in 8 years? And who is America to judge when it put its Japanese citizens into concentration camps and whose treatment of the Blacks in the south was Hitler's model for his own race laws? It is lesser in scale than the Holocaust but was the annihilation of 100s of thousands of women and children in Hiroshima and Nagasaki not a war crime in its own right?

These and other questions are asked in Judgement at Nuremberg. Does the slippery slope to fascism start the first time an innocent man is condemned and no one speaks up?
Profile Image for Kristina .
1,323 reviews74 followers
May 24, 2023
3.5 stars, rounded up

I'd probably enjoy this more if I actually watched the play and will be on the lookout for the movie
123 reviews2 followers
August 29, 2022
I live in a part of the world where patriotism functions as a qualification, a basic price of admission for anyone seeking government position, political appointment, and even a teacher’s license - an absolute value that is never to be questioned. In a time when nationalism and patriotic sentiment is on the rise again everywhere else, Abby Mann's re-enactment of modern history’s seminal trials is still of immense educational value.

In terms of the story-telling however, I did find the characters in this short play - which is a recent broadway adaptation of the 1961 cinematic classic, which in turn was an adaptation of a television production from 1957 - to be one-dimensional. The exposition of the protagonists’ dilemmas felt simplistic, in a vintage courtroom TV drama sort of way. Judge Haywood, the self-described southern Republican and the moral compass of the story, had it almost too easy. Presiding over the case with the disinterested neutrality of an outsider, who has a home to return to once the trial is over, to me there is really nothing very complicated about the choices that he had to make. The problem of flat characterization is more prounced when you read the play, I think the amazing acting masked a lot of these flaws in the film version. Mrs. Bertholt, a former upperclass military-wife who’d fallen on hard times, is a character who deserves a richer inner world. I find her brand of problematic patriotism - a pride in a people’s history and culture that potentially blinds - to be complicated, worthy of scrutiny, and instructive for today's audience. I wish she had been given more of a voice in this update.

But perhaps ultimately none of that really matters. If the play’s educational value is also its biggest achievement, then its uncomplicated straight-forwardness is also a source of its timeless relevance. Some lessons need to be learnt again and again.
Profile Image for Andy Kabanoff.
121 reviews1 follower
January 24, 2021
Wow! I found this when I was about 12 on the bookshelves of my Polish godmother's house and had to read it, despite her having qualms about me doing so. She had been a survivor of Treblinka. Her husband had not survived. The graphic descriptions of what took place in the extermination camps still haunts me. 50 years later when I was in Krakow I had no inclination to visit Auschwitz. I'd already been there.
Profile Image for Tom.
316 reviews
April 2, 2019
A peek into the minds of many characters at Nuremberg. Interesting courtroom drama. A few too many political overtones inserted into dialogue outside the courtroom. I agree with the reviewer named Nicole who said "the play is at its best when it sits down to more intimate, terrifying moments of cross-examination and defence, but loses itself a little in non-courtroom action."
535 reviews24 followers
December 11, 2023
I found my old copy of Abby Mann's screenplay at the bottom of one of the stored boxes I have in the backroom. Love to have all my books on display but unfortunately space does not permit.

This was the British edition of the screenplay with the completed production script with camera set-ups, etc. and was published just prior to the film's release in England. The film, an expanded adaptation of Mann's acclaimed 1959 teleplay, would win Academy Awards for actor Maximilian Schell and Mann for his screenplay. In all the Stanley Kramer production was nominated for 11 Academy Awards.

From Abby Mann's foreword:

"When I first began writing 'Judgment at Nuremberg' in the fall of 1957, it was considered a breach of good manners in polite society in America as well in most quarters of Europe to bring up the subject of German guilt or the victims of the Third Reich during the period of the years 1935 to 1942. The idea occurred to me accidentally when I heard at the party of a friend an anecdote about a lawyer who had left the Nuremberg trials in protest because of the moral climate existing there in 1948 at the time of the Berlin blockade. It struck me as fantastic that perhaps the most significant trial in all history had never been treated artistically and little journalistically. Casual research unearthed an even more startling fact. Of the ninety-nine men sentenced to prison terms in the second Nuremberg trials, not one was still serving his sentence.

"I chose the second trial for my play, the trial of the judges, the lawyers, industrialists, financiers, diplomats, businessmen, etc., because it seemed to me to be the most significant. The Gorings, the Streichers, the Himmlers, the Eichmanns would inevitably end in a study in Psychopathia Sexualis. But the second group -these men who had been the bulwark of what many thought to be the most enlightened culture of Europe- how could they have gone along? And if they had, how deep was their responsibility? Finally, a glimmering of understanding that the very philosophy that enabled the Nazis to come to power was not unrelated to the motive in their being released set the groundwork for my premise.

"So there are Americans who are not prone to go along with the collapse of international morality that I believe came into sharp focus with the release of the men that this play deals with. There are those who are raising their voices."

Sixty years later as fascism once again raises its ugly head in parts of Europe - in many of the same countries that suffered cruelly under Nazi dictatorship - and now making heavy inroads into other supposedly infallible democracies, are we about, as Mann describes, to sacrifice our enlightened culture and simply go along with extreme radicalism?

Sinclair Lewis wrote "It Can't Happen Here" in 1935; ninety years later it could well happen in what we consider "secure" democracies. When M-G-M attempted to make a film of the Lewis novel, threatened boycotts of their films by fascist Germany and Italy persuaded Hollywood to ditch the idea.

My copy of "Judgment at Nuremberg" by Abby Mann. The Script of the Film. With seven pages of photos dust jacket featuring frames from the film. Published by Cassell & Co., London, 1961. 182 pages.
Profile Image for Danny Nguyen.
245 reviews3 followers
February 7, 2024
I went into this play not really knowing a whole lot about the Nuremberg trails that occurred after WWII. All I knew was that they prosecuted former Nazi officials. But that doesn't really do justice to what actually took place. Yes, Nazi officials were convicted, but what was shocking and horrifying about the whole thing was how they justified committing crimes against humanity, how they could shed all guilt by using excuses such as "I was only doing my job," "I was scared for my own life," "the country was suffering already, and I wanted to contribute and I got lost along the way."

Reading Abby Mann's dramatization of the Nuremberg trials in Judgment at Nuremberg really opened my eyes by crafting a compelling intense and tearful narrative centering around the trial of a German judge who didn't do anything to stop the Nazis from hurting innocent victims in their regime. This is a great courtroom drama that is totally engaging I didn't want to stop because I was shocked by what I was reading.

I was enthralled by the way Mann asks the tough questions that captivated me and made me question my own values regarding my own country and my relationship to it. The truth of the matter is that no country is worth fighting for if such a country betrays the human experience and commits evil. Yet how does one reconcile with that? Every country has blood on their hands. So, what do we individuals do when face with something our country has done that is so clearly wrong? It's not an easy question, but the play does well to remind us that we ought to call out evil and take a stand rather than let it play out with indifference.

There's this one piece of dialogue that just grabbed me in this play, really struck a nerve for me:

"HAYWOOD: I understand the pressures that you faced. No man can say how he would have faced those pressures himself unless he had actually been tested. But how can you expect me to understand sending millions of people to gas ovens?

JANNING: I did not know it would come to that! You must believe it. You must believe it!

HAYWOOD: Herr Janning, It came to that the first time you sentenced to death a man you knew to be innocent."

The play was just riveting, clear and complex in its themes.

Profile Image for Evelyn.
1,352 reviews5 followers
September 5, 2020
This play based upon the Nuremberg Trials is still as relevant today as it was when the award winning movie of the same name was released in 1961. The moral dilemma of whether to put one’s country first and not only condone, but actively engage in crimes against humanity to further national interests, rather than opposing evil, standing up to the nation’s leaders and risking imprisonment and death is at the heart of this play. It resonates today where people have risen to power in countries around the world by demonizing “the other” and bending legislative and judicial systems to their will. The question once the evil is defeated remains: Do we hold responsible and punish the leader’s acolytes, sycophants and enablers for their role in perpetuating the evil, or do allow them to escape responsibility for their actions and crimes because it is the nation’s interest to forget, and we need their assistance and for them to join forces with us to fight new common enemies?
Profile Image for Elliot Ratzman.
559 reviews87 followers
September 26, 2023
L.A. Theatre Works broadcasted the (revived) play on an NPR affiliate, and I was captivated. I watched the three-hour 1961 film, viewed the 1959 made-for-television dramatization, and ordered the 1961 novelization. How did I miss this complex text for so many decades? One of the great courtroom dramas, it addresses the question of German Guilt through one of the minor post-war trials: of judges and lawyers who worked for the Nazi regime. Central to the plot is the tragic figure of Janning, a respected jurist who compromised his principles—but is his guilt unique? The revised version has some significant differences including a prologue that discusses the fate of the ICC under Clinton and W Bush. Byers, played by a young William Shatner in the film, is, in this revival, Black, and has some choice words about the connections between Nazi antisemitism and American racism. The judge is from North Carolina, not Maine. The script hews closer to the film version than the original tele-play.
158 reviews
October 12, 2025
The play format, like the more expansive movie, was very good. Really packs a lot of information into a short read (just over 100 pages). The introduction was outstanding. The following is the end of the introduction talking about an interview Abby Mann had with Dr. Martin Luther King where Abby wondered if there was a God who could permit the Holocaust to happen.

Abby said to King: "Maybe the murders of millions including women and children showed where hate can lead and it will be a deterrent for anything like it to ever happen again." King smiled. In the weary smile was a lifetime of having to deal with people who would not give up their hate and who needed someone they could strike out at and punish for the tragedy of their lives. After all, it absolved them and their leaders of any responsibility for their predicament and any need for self-examination. In King's smile also was the observation that I did not know much about human nature.

Outstanding!
Profile Image for J.
1,395 reviews229 followers
September 18, 2019
A great play about justice and travesty and damnably topical with all the Nazis running about. The after play talk is well worth sticking around after the entertainment for some really good post-play history.
Profile Image for Jon Hewelt.
487 reviews8 followers
April 11, 2022
Great for what it is, just wish there was more.

Another way of putting it: fantastic, thought-provoking monologues, but I wish there was more dramatic action in the non-court room scenes. Often, it feels like they fade out awkwardly than end definitively.
Profile Image for Mike Wigal.
485 reviews6 followers
May 31, 2020
Read this and shudder in fear for the country (U. S.)
Profile Image for Maryamhp.
40 reviews
June 11, 2023
"شاکی حقیقی‌ در این دادگاه تمدن‌ بشری است"

یه سری احساسات متناقض...
همین یه جمله شاید توصیف خوبی ازین کتاب باشه
Profile Image for Alexis.
2,394 reviews
November 17, 2023
It's chilling how easy it is to strip someone of humanity.
44 reviews
January 28, 2024
Quick read about a bit of history I wasn't aware of.
Profile Image for Sandy.
723 reviews3 followers
September 27, 2025
An interesting and timely reflection on guilt, innocence, and who is responsible for standing up for what’s right.
Profile Image for Paul Bulger.
159 reviews
June 29, 2017
It is nothing short of chilling just how relevant this book is right now.
Profile Image for Linda.
1,066 reviews42 followers
July 28, 2015
I saw the movie again, lately. As heart wrenching as the book was, the pictures of victims of the Holocaust were worse. But, have these pictures been trotted out from time to time to sway public opinion and to take our minds off other inhumane atrocities to other races, both past and present? I have read the Corrie T. Boone book and Anne Frank's diary. I know something about restricted communities and Jew-hating far outside of Hitler's realm. WWII was not fought solely to save the Jewish race anymore the The War Between The States was fought solely over the abolition of slavery. 'Why?' is a question we ask, but do we really want an answer?
Profile Image for Nicole.
647 reviews23 followers
August 11, 2017
Inherit the Wind: Nazi Edition, but lacking the hard-hitting monologues for the attorneys. The play is at its best when it sits down to more intimate, terrifying moments of cross-examination and defence, but loses itself a little in non-courtroom action.
Profile Image for Nellie K..
153 reviews65 followers
Want to read
April 26, 2008
Saw the movie version twice. Now I need to read the facts and the story, History.
Displaying 1 - 30 of 32 reviews

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