This is a tale of childhood in Bagnolet (north of Paris), one of the "grands ensembles", the vast high-rise housing projects of post-war France. The point of view is that of the child-narrator, Josyanne, whose early life is blighted by the drudgery consequent upon the almost annual arrival of new siblings. With few exceptions, Jo has little respect for parents, siblings, neighbours, or government policies. She has a sharp eye for whatever is stupid, mean or ridiculous, and a sharp tongue to match it. Several familiar domestic nouns, I learned, have insulting alternative meanings:
andouille (f) - a cold sausage; an imbecile
ballot (m) - bundle; nitwit
cloche (f) - bell; dish-cover; idiot
gourde (f) - water bottle; a dope
lavette (f) - dishcloth; face flannel; wimp
The state provides to each family in the estates according to how many children there are, and Jo reserves her choicest satire for parents like her own who are deliberately breeding their way towards the largest appartment, with a washing machine and all the mod cons, and even an old car for transport.
Jo struggles to find joy and meaning in her squalid surroundings. School homework, which she must do when the rest of the family is in bed, provides her earliest outlet. Despite good results, there is no question of continuing her schooling, and with no apparent aptitude for gainful employment she has little outside the home to occupy her mind. A short acquaintance with an emotionally needy Italian building worker, who delights her with his nostalgic talk of sunshine and his native hills, leads to sexual awakening. Jo soon realises her power as a sexually attractive (if legally underage) young woman, and exploits it for physical gratification and to get her hands on a scooter. The scooter opens her horizons. She sees the new projects at Sarcelles (recently in the news [July 2014] for anti-Jewish riots) which have such facilities and are conceived on such a scale that they are beyond anything she could have imagined.
Sarcelles is the limit of her scope. She meets Philippe, they fall in love and Jo is happy at last. He is 22yo, he has a job and his credit is good enough to buy a small car before their first date. Jo is old enough to marry, but barely, and falls pregnant (that she hadn't done so by one of her earlier partners would be something of a miracle if this were not fiction). They're on the waiting list for an appartment in Sarcelles, and Jo, for all her caustic commentary, is about to repeat the lives of her parents and she is content (for the time being). End of story.
Les petits enfants du siècle appeared in 1961, before the end of the war in Algeria, with the consequent mass influx of Pieds-Noirs (French colonials born in Algeria). The issues in the grands ensembles were less complex. Jo's family are apparently «françaises de souche» (of French ancestry). Ethnicity and religion are issues that don't arise.
The grands ensembles are a product of post-war reconstruction and the welfare state. The economy of France was booming and government was intent on providing labour for the factories, and presumably on keeping the workforce docile by providing for their material needs. The discontents (consumerism, authority, labour, sexual constraints) of the post-war generation that would explode all over France in May 1968 are anticipated in this novel. While I would have liked to see its feisty narrator break out of the limitations imposed on her by her environment, I will admit that given her time and circumstances, the course which her career takes is more plausible.