How does an almighty and all-loving God respond to his beloved human creatures, who are made in his image and yet implicated in sin and suffering? What is the origin of human suffering? Is it sin or the limitations of human beings? Is God moved by our suffering? If he sympathizes and co-suffers with us, can he deliver us out of our miseries? Thousands and perhaps millions of people have asked these questions and are searching desperately for their answers. Two major views have been advanced in the history of Christian theology to describe God's response to the suffering of the divine impassibility and divine passibility. More recently, a third, mediating position between impassibilism and passibilism has arisen which affirms both the impassibility and the passibility of God. This position can be identified as modified classical theism, an approach that grasps the perfect and relational nature of God. Following this mediating position, this book sets out its own constructive understanding of a mediating position with the help of a new way of understanding the way in which the eternal actions (and corresponding passions) of the divine persons condition one another--the dynamic reciprocity model.
This book is part of the series of the Studies in the Doctrine of Exploring Classical and Relational Theism.
Studies in the Doctrine of Exploring Classical and Relational Theism is a series of books that explore the nature and attributes of God in the context of current debates over classical theism and relational models of God. This series includes volumes that advance the discussion of the doctrine of God, with particular focus on advancing the discussion of conceptions of God that affirm the Creator-creature distinction while also affirming that God is freely and genuinely related to the world in a way that makes a difference to God. Such conceptions of God are sometimes referred to as modified or moderate classical theism or neoclassical theism. These conceptions of God are classical in that they affirm some core tenets of classical theism (divine perfection, necessity, aseity, self-sufficiency, unity, eternity, immutability, omnipotence, omniscience with foreknowledge, and omnipresence). At the same time, such conceptions are also relational in that they affirm God is genuinely related to the world and depart from one or more attributes of (strict) classical theism such as divine timelessness, strict simplicity, strict immutability, and/or strict impassibility. Each volume in this series will address some aspect or aspects of the nature and attributes of God and the God-world relation in a way that advances the discussion of approaches that are both classical and relational in these respects.
Series R. T. Mullins and John C. Peckham
Editorial Board of the David Baggett, Daniel Castelo, Paul Copan, Jeanine Diller, Scott Harrower, William Hasker, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Kevin Kinghorn, Andrew Loke, Roger Olson, Anastasia Scrutton, Jordan Wessling