The Secret Life of Plants
The book covers experiments from around the world and features many familiar names from the scientific and philosophical communities such as Alessando Volta, Edgar Cayce, Franz Anton Mesmer, George Washington Carver, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Luigi Galvani, Manly P. Hall, Rudolf Steiner, and Thomas Edison.
This 1973 book begins with Cleve Backster, America's foremost lie-detector examiner, connecting his galvanometer to a house plant called Dracaena massangeana. He tried applying various stimuli to illicit a response from the plant to avail, until the moment when he thought about burning the plant with an open flame and then there was a dramatic change in the tracing pattern on the graph. I was fascinated with the experiments in this book (and a little skeptical) so you can imagine how pleased I was to find a documentary of the same name from 1979 which actually showed many of these experiments being reproduced. So much of it seemed incredible but seeing is believing. The final portion of the book covered nutrition and soil fertility. Here are some highlights from book:
Sir Jagadis Chandra Bose was able to demonstrate visually that all the characteristics of the responses exhibited by animal tissues we also found in those of plants. He also found that plants became intoxicated when given shots of whiskey or gin, swayed like any barroom drunkard, passed out, and eventually revived, with definite signs of a hangover. These findings together with hundreds of other data were published in two massive volumes in 1906 and 1907. "Plant Response as a Means of Physiological Investigation" ran to 781 pages and detailed 315 separate experiments.
George Washington Carver's students were greatly impressed that each morning he would rise at four 0' clock to walk in the woods before the start of the working day and bring back countless plants with which to illustrate his lectures. Explaining this habit to friends, Carver said, "Nature is the greatest teacher and I learn from her best when others are asleep. In the still dark hours before sunrise God tells me of the plans I am to fulfill."
A Canadian engineer and gentleman farmer, Eugene Canby, of Wainfleet, Ontario, broadcast the violin sonatas of Johann Sebastian Bach to a test plot of wheat and produced a crop not only 66 percent greater than average but with larger and heavier seeds.
George E. Smith continuously broadcast music to a small plot of Embro 44XE hybrid corn from the day of its planting to harvest time. The plot produced 137 bushels to the acre as against only 117 bushels for an untreated plot of similar corn growing under the same conditions. Smith noted that the musically entertained corn also grew more rapidly and uniformly and silked earlier. The larger yield per acre was due not to an increase per plant but to a greater survival of plants in the plot. To make sure that his tests were not due to chance, Smith laid out four corn plots in 1962 planted not only with the same Embro 44XE but also with another highly prolific hybrid, Embro Departure. The first plot was treated to the previous year's music, the second left silent, and the third and fourth offered only ear-splitting continuous notes, one with a high pitch of 1,800 cycles a second, the other with a low pitch of 450. At harvest time the Departure plants stimulated with music produced 186 bushels per acre as against only 171 for the silent plot. But those exposed to the high note outdid themselves to achieve nearly 198 bushels; those subjected to the low note topped 200.
Selim Lemstrom, made four expeditions to the subpolar regions o Spitsbergen, northern Norway, and Lapland from 1868 to 1884. An expert on polar light and earth magnetism, Lemstrom theorized that the luxuriant vegetation in those latitudes, which popular opinion ascribe to the lengthened days of their summers, was actually attributable to what he called "that violent electrical manifestation, the aurora borealis." ... Lemstrom connected a series of flowers in metal pots to a static generator by an overhead network of wires sixteen inches above them and a pole set into the soil as a ground. Other pots he "left to nature." After eight weeks, the electrified plants, showed gains in weight of nearly 50 percent over their electrically deprived neighbors. When he transferred his apparatus into a garden he not only more than doubled the yield of strawberries but found them to be much sweeter; his harvest from barley plants increased by one-third.
In his L 'Origine de la Vie, published in 1925, Georges Lakhovsky set forth a number of startling experiments upholding the idea that disease is a matter of disequilibrium in cellular oscillation, that the fight between healthy cells and pathogens, such as bacteria or viruses, is a "war of radiations." If the radiations of the microbes are stronger, cells begin to oscillate aperiodically and became "diseased." In 1923, Lakhovsky designed an electrical apparatus emitting very short waves (with lengths of two to ten meters) which he called a "radio-cellulo-oscillator." In the surgical clinic of the famous Salpetriere hospital in Paris he inoculated geraniums with cancer-producing bacteria. When the plants had developed tumors the size of cherry stones, one of them was exposed to radiation from the oscillator. During the first days the tumor grew rapidly, but after two weeks it suddenly began to shrink and die; after a second two-week period it fell off the afflicted plant. Other geraniums treated over different time periods also shed their cancers under the effect of oscillator radiations.
Dr. Joe Nichols, a physician and surgeon who founded the Natural Food Associates in Atlanta, Texas, reported that a survey on farms throughout the Middle West disclosed that the corn growth was so heavily fertilized with synthetic nitrogen that it was unable to convert carotene into vitamin A and that the cattle feed produced from it was also deficient in vitamins D and E. In modern processed foods the vitamins, trace elements, and enzymes are arbitrarily removed, mostly so as to render the food more durable. As Nichols puts it, "They remove the life, in effect, killing it, so that it will not live and die later." ... Wheat germ is one of a very few places in nature in which the entire vitamin B complex is found ... In so-called "enriched" white bread, with the vitamins and minerals removed, nothing is left but raw starch, which has so little nutritive value that most bacteria won't eat it. Into this insipid starch synthetic chemicals are arbitrarily injected, which form only part of the missing vitamin B complex.
Men from northern England and southern Scotland, large and powerful during the Napoleonic Wars, became short and frail and unfit for military service by the time of the Boer War. A commission set up to investigate the phenomenon concluded it was caused by men moving to the cities, where they lived not on wholesome country bread but on white bread and white sugar. In 1919 when the U.S. Public Health Service announced a definite connection between over-refined flour and the diseases of beri-beri and pellagra - vitamin-deficiency diseases of which over 100,000 cases were reported in Mississippi alone -the millers went into action, not to change the Hour, but to get the Public Health Service to shut up. Within six months the Public Health Service abjectly issued a "correction" to its bulletin. White bread, they said, was perfectly wholesome if eaten in conjunction with an otherwise adequate diet of fruit, vegetables, and dairy products. As Gene Marine and Judith Allen were to remark in reporting the story in their recent book Food Pollution: "So is cardboard."