interview
Gary Hufbauer: All the economic sanctions in the last four decades or five decades have had less than a two percent impact on the GDP of the target country. Two percent is not a very big figure.
Now there are exceptions: the sanctions against Iraq prior to the Gulf Wars had a much bigger impact, probably 15 percent.
The sanctions against Iran probably have an impact prior to the JCPOA/nuclear deal [at] about five percent. So that’s the range of impact.
If the target country is a large country which has a very strong leader, and has no internal political dissent or conflict, then, in those circumstances, the sanctions are unlikely to produce regime change.