Χαν Φέι Τζου: Τα κείμενα

by Han Fei

Ο Χαν Φέι Τζου (280-233 π.Χ.) ήταν κινέζος πρίγκιπας του οίκου που κυβερνούσε το κρατίδιο του Χαν. Ανήκε στη νομικιστική σχολή και στα κείμενά του βρίσκουμε την πιο ολοκληρωμένη και συνεκτική ανάπτυξη των θεωριών της περίφημης αυτής φιλοσοφικής σχολής. Τα κείμενα του Χαν Φέι Τζου αποτελούν λαμπρό δείγμα της αρχαίας κινεζικής φιλοσοφίας. Θεωρούνται κλασικά, αφού διαβάζονταν αδιάλειπτα σε όλες τις εποχές. Οι υποδείξεις του Χαν Φέι Τζου για τη φύση και την άσκηση της εξουσίας, απλά διατυπωμένες και σοφές, διατηρούν μέχρι σήμερα την ισχύ και τη φρεσκάδα τους.

Genres: Politics, China

176 pages, Paperback

Published April 1, 2004

About the author

Han Fei (Chinese: 韓非; [xǎn fə́ɪ]; c. 280 – 233 BC), also known as Han Feizi, was an influential political Chinese philosopher of the Warring States period who synthesized the methods of earlier Chinese Realpolitik using the relatively recent innovation of rule by law as a base, as described in his eponymous work.

Han borrowed Shang Yang's emphasis on laws, Shen Buhai's emphasis on technique, and Shen Dao's ideas on authority and prophecy, emphasizing that the autocrat will be able to achieve firm control over the state with the mastering of his predecessors methodologies: his position of power (勢, Shì); technique (術, Shù), and law (法, Fǎ).

Han Fei's philosophy was very influential on the future first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang. After the early demise of the Qin Dynasty, Han Fei's philosophy was officially vilified by the following Han Dynasty. Despite its outcast status throughout the history of imperial China, Han Fei's political theory continued to heavily influence every dynasty afterwards, and the Confucian ideal of a rule without laws was never again realized.

(from Wikipedia)

Reviews

[Hải Lưu · Rating 3 out of 5]

Kinh điển thì khỏi phải nói rồi. Nhưng dài quá, cũng nhiều ý lặp. Đọc khá mệt!

[Barack Liu · Rating 5 out of 5]

415-Han Fei Zi-Han Fei-Philosophy-233BC

Barack
2022/04/23

"Han Fei Zhi ", written in about 233 BC. It was compiled by later generations after Han Feizi's death. The book consists of 20 volumes, with a total of 55 articles.

Han Fei was born about 280 BC in Xinzheng (now Henan), South Country Han, and died in 233 BC. He is an ancient Chinese thinker, philosopher, essayist, and representative of the School of Legalism. Han Fei is a master of Legalist thought, integrating Shang Yang's "law", Shen Buha's "skill" and Shendao's "potential", integrating dialectics, simple materialism, and law, leaving a legacy for future generations. Lots of speeches and writings. Its theory has always been the ideological basis for the ruling class to govern the country during the Chinese feudal society.

Li Si and Yao Jia trapped Han Fei and slandered him, saying: "Han Fei is the son of South Country Han. Now if you want to annex the vassal states, Han Fei will eventually go to South Country Han instead of Qin. This is human nature. Now you don't hire him He, keep him for a long time before letting him go back, this is leaving trouble for himself, it is better to punish him according to the law." King Qin thought they were right, so he handed Han Fei over to the judge to convict him. "Li Si ordered someone to send poison to Han Fei and asked him to commit suicide. Han Fei wanted to confess to the King of Qin himself, but he couldn't see it. Later, the King of Qin was very regretful and sent someone to pardon Han Fei. Han Fei was already dead.

Table of Contents
1. Meet Qin for the first time
2. Save Han
3. Unspeakable
4. Love courtier
5. Main Road
6. Have a degree
7. Two handles
8. Young Kwon
9. The Eight Traitors
10. Ten times

Han Fei was born in Country Han. He was not used to much when he was in Country Han. Even if he was treated by King Han in the end, it was because Han Fei was appreciated by King Qin first. Flowers inside the wall and incense outside the wall. Sometimes it's actually a very ironic thing. It's too close, but you don't know how to cherish it.

The victory of the Qin State is still of reference significance to this day. The internal stability of one's own country can withstand unstable external influences. With clear rules and clear rewards and punishments, ordinary people will be more active in doing things supported by the state, and more cautious in avoiding doing things opposed by the state. This is the reason for the victory of the Qin state. Even after more than 2,000 years, this logic is still valid today, because human nature has not changed much.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, we have seen the rise and fall of too many hegemons. When a country is strong, it seems that there is almost no force in the world that can destroy it. But when it really fell into decline, it disintegrated completely. However, when we went to investigate the rapid rise, we found that the foundation had been gradually laid when it was not noticeable in the early stage. The worrying scourge was buried long before it fell apart.

As a monarch, although he has a lot of counselors and wise men to give advice, because everyone's opinions may sound very convincing, and these views maybe tit for tat with each other, each forming a system, so the monarch may have a difficult choice. This is probably similar to the information explosion that ordinary people also face today. The most important thing for people in high positions is judgment and decision-making; they may not be able to come up with a specific plan, but they can grasp the general direction and make decisive decisions. This ability to know the importance is the most important.

The so-called smart people are people who can sum up laws and principles from general phenomena and can put these laws and principles into practice in individual cases. The so-called ordinary people are people who, although they can't summarize these things themselves, can understand and want to achieve when smart people explain the truth clearly. A foolish person, even if he hears a wise person say these things, doesn't understand it; or even though he doesn't understand it, he doesn't do it at all.

There are hundreds of schools of thought, and the theories are various, and they all need to persuade others to listen to their own truth. And if you want others to listen to your own truth, you must plan from the standpoint of others, especially when the object of your lobbying is the king who controls your own net worth and life. A companion is like a tiger. If one sentence is wrong, it may lead to death. Today, we see these strategists in ancient books, and we think that they can achieve fame by moving their mouths, but they are only a very small number of people, and the others do not have the opportunity to meet the king at all or show their dragon face and head People in different places, who have not been recorded in ancient books, are probably a hundred times thousand times more likely. Well said, there are four or two thousand pounds of effect. Saying it badly is like pushing yourself over a cliff. How can you not be careful when you speak?

"Han Feizi" talks about the principle of being a king, and ordinary people should actually learn from it. If you can figure out what it means to be a king, then being a general manager is not a problem. Although the specific things to do are different and the positions they hold are different, the laws and principles should be similar. Similar is the Tao, the same is the art.

Specific things cannot be done. To improve efficiency, the key is to establish laws and rules and do things in accordance with the norms. Governing a country and managing a company is actually like this. Formulate rules that are beneficial to the overall development and strictly enforce them. From the national point of view, this is the law. From the company's point of view, this is the system. Without good laws and systems, everyone would not know how to act. With laws and systems, but they cannot be resolutely enforced, everyone is left with luck and lacks reverence.

Human energy is limited, and it is impossible to cover everything, especially when you are in a high position and have authority. The person who can make achievements is definitely not the person with the strongest personal ability, but the person who fully mobilizes the power of others. Managers do not use the management position to show their intelligence but use this position to let the people under them exert their power. People can't pay attention to the actions of their subordinates all the time, but the rules of the law can always hang there. Whenever there is a penalty for breaking the rules, compliance with the rules should be rewarded. It is because the rules exist all the time that they are lasting. Relying on people's preferences, the people below do not know how to act.

[JLo Tran · Rating 5 out of 5]

Sách của Hàn Phi là một học thuyết đồ sộ để xây dựng một nhà nước: giàu mạnh, ổn định, người dân sống trong nhà nước ấy ấm no hạnh phúc.
Tư tưởng của Hàn Phi hết sức sâu rộng, bao gồm chính trị, pháp luật, triết học, xã hội, kinh tế, quân sự, giáo dục,… trong đó, then chốt chính là tư tưởng chính trị. Ông để tâm suy nghĩ làm sao cho vị vua trong điều kiện xã hội đương thời có thể vận dụng vô số các phương pháp khác nhau để đạt được cục diện chính trị ổn định, để cho nước giàu quân mạnh. Có thể nói “Hàn Phi Tử” là một bộ sách chính trị học vĩ đại và học thuyết chính trị của ông được người xưa gọi là “học thuyết của đế vương” (đế vương chi học).

[Kỳ Lân · Rating 3 out of 5]

Sách cơ bản rất hay nhưng mà khó đọc. Có nhiều câu chuyện và nhân vật để lấy ví dụ minh chứng. Nhưng mình không hiểu được bối cảnh thời ấy và một số nhân vật nữa nên rất khó để liên hệ. Muốn hiểu kỹ lại phải lật google ra xem nhân vật đó là ai? Như thế nào?...

[Nguyễn Vy · Rating 4 out of 5]

Mình đồng tình với hầu hết các quan điểm của Hàn Phi Tử trừ việc không được tin bất kì ai. Đặt trong bối cảnh đó thì có thể hiểu được nhưng thời bây giờ nó không phù hợp với triết lý kinh doanh.

[寻找家园 · Rating 3 out of 5]

本书不是完整版，少了好几篇重要的内容，比如《说疑》、《解老》、《喻老》。2016年高三时做语文作业用了此书。

[Duong · Rating 3 out of 5]

Dễ đọc, hơi dài dòng xíu và nhiều chuyện cứ nhai đi nhai lại, xét về ý tưởng thì hiện giờ không còn mới, nhưng đặt cuốn sách này vào một xã hội có ý thức hệ 100% Khổng Tử thử xem, holy sh!t chứ nhờ 🤣