This is a decent and earnest-enough political biography of Abraham Lincoln that I found to be weighed down a bit by its exacting but unevenly-effective structure. I wouldn’t go so far as to say it’s a matter of style over substance, but the format of the book seems to dictate its content, rather than the other way around. It wants to be a series of character studies, but also wants to be a biography, and ends up awkwardly trying to be both.
In his introduction, Inskeep says his aim is to examine how Lincoln "learned, adapted, and sought advantage by interacting with people who disagreed with him." It’s a promising premise, which would appear to set this book apart from others that focus on Lincoln’s allies or mentors.
As I read, though, I couldn’t help feeling that this might have worked better as a series of discrete vignettes - “16 chapters on 16 people Lincoln interacted and disagreed with” - rather than trying to stitch them all into a cohesive narrative. Inskeep’s true aim became more clear in the author’s note at the very end, when he admits that his “first ambition for this book was to tell Lincoln’s life story through his meetings with a diverse set of people.”
So, essentially, this is a biography (a politically-focused biography, not necessarily the full life story) of Lincoln, as signposted by the selected “interactions.” The interactions are meant to illuminate aspects of Lincoln’s political rise and, eventually, his presidency. When it works, the interactions mesh with the biography, propelling the story forward and telling you a little something about how Lincoln thought, or learned, or strategized.
More often, though, I thought the interactions and biography existed somewhat awkwardly side-by-side, hanging separately, never quite coming together. The book often consists of long sections of standard biography that have nothing to do with the individual named in the chapter heading. While admittedly, these straight biographical sections are well-written and easily-accessible, they often seem merely to serve as the connective tissue meant to get us from one interaction to the next. The interactions don’t support the biography so much as the biography is a device to stitch together the interactions.
As for the interactions themselves, many are with well-known, prominent people Lincoln had to work with, or with whom he agreed to disagree - Stephen Douglas, William Seward, George McClellan, Frederick Douglass. Others are with lesser-known, bordering on unknown, people with whom Lincoln briefly interacted in passing. Sometimes these stories are interesting and illuminating in their own right, while other times the lesser-known individuals seem selected merely to serve as avatars for whatever the theme of the chapter is. The interaction isn’t as important as the fact that it happens at a stage of Lincoln’s life where the format of the book demands that an interaction occur in order to help move the biography along.
And the need to explain who these lesser-known individuals are, means that some of the chapters are more focused on the biography of the person with whom Lincoln interacted than they are about Lincoln’s actual interactions with them. Sometimes the mini-biographies of these individuals are engrossing in their own right, and almost make you forget this is ultimately meant to be a book about Lincoln and not them. The chapter on “Billy the Barber” is a standout in this regard, as his personal story is compelling and his interactions with Lincoln help to make a broader point about how Lincoln had a good relationship with a racial “inferior” on a personal level. But this chapter, like so many others, works better as a standalone, freed from the need to adhere to a rigid chronological timeline of Lincoln’s political life. And yet the rigid chronological timeline continues, to help get us to the next interaction.
Later chapters on less prominent people focus on less prominent issues like western expansion, Native American affairs, or women’s rights. In the latter chapter, Inskeep makes far too much of Lincoln’s early-career statement that he was for "admitting all whites to the right of suffrage, who pay taxes or bear arms (by no means excluding females.)" Other Lincoln biographers have interpreted this as a flippant joke - of course Lincoln knew that most females did not pay taxes or bear arms, so they would therefore have no right of suffrage. But Inskeep interprets Lincoln’s statement to mean that he "not only endorsed voting rights for some women, but also seemed to contemplate a world in which women might bear arms," which is quite a stretch.
Overall, it wasn’t entirely clear to me what the interactions were really meant to say about Lincoln. Sometimes they show us that Lincoln was a crafty politician who built alliances with those with whom he disagreed. Other times, they show how he stood firm in his opposition to those with whom he disagreed, in order to achieve his own goals. Still other times, he seems to give in altogether to those with whom he disagreed, as in the case where Inskeep interprets Lincoln's selection of his Cabinet members as a capitulation to his political rivals, in distinct contrast to Doris Kearns Goodwin's interpretation. Are we to take away from all of this that Lincoln was strong in his convictions, malleable in his beliefs, or cynically opportunistic, or sometimes all of the above? Inskeep never really says.
By the time we get to the last "interaction," with none other than Mary Lincoln herself, it's clear at this point that the "interaction" is merely a device meant not to illuminate anything about Lincoln, but simply to wrap up his biography.
I don't mean to be all negative. Inskeep is a good writer, and one can rarely go wrong writing an inspirational story about Lincoln. So I can see how some people really enjoyed this. If you're a fan of Inskeep, or Lincoln, by all means give it a read if you're so inclined. Personally, I thought this could have been better had it been a collection of interactions without the biography, or a biography without the interactions. The whole was ultimately lesser than the sum of its parts.
Thanks to NetGalley and publisher Penguin Press for the advance copy, which I finally got around to finishing a week after the book was released (oops.)