Ronald Reagan’s An American Life is more than just the autobiography of a U.S. president; it’s a reflection of the journey of a man whose path was shaped by his distinct worldview, ambition, and deep sense of duty. Published in 1990, Reagan’s autobiography traces the milestones of his life, from his humble beginnings in rural Illinois to his time in the White House. The book offers personal anecdotes, political insight, and reflections on a long career marked by transformation and historical significance. It’s an engaging read for those interested in Reagan’s life and political philosophy, but it also leaves some gaps, particularly in his presidency.
Childhood and Early Influences
Reagan’s early years, growing up in a small town in Illinois, set the foundation for many of the values that would guide his life. He was born in 1911 to John and Nelle Reagan, the son of a shoe salesman and a loving, idealistic mother. Reagan’s childhood, marked by economic hardships and a sense of instability, shaped his personal philosophy. He often reflects on the values his parents instilled in him: hard work, faith, and a deep love for the United States. His early experiences with poverty, particularly during the Great Depression, made him sympathetic to the challenges of everyday Americans and influenced his later economic policies.
College and Early Career
Reagan attended Eureka College in Illinois, where he majored in economics and sociology, and it was here that he began to develop his passion for acting. As a college student, Reagan was also an athlete, president of his class, and deeply involved in campus life. These years, while academically formative, were not as politically charged, though they planted the seeds for his later involvement in politics.
Reagan’s acting career, which began with small radio jobs and progressed to Hollywood stardom, is covered extensively in the autobiography. He was under contract with Warner Bros. for much of the 1930s and 1940s, appearing in more than 50 films. While he is often remembered for his role in movies like Kings Row and Knute Rockne, All American, Reagan’s story in Hollywood is also filled with the challenges of navigating the studio system, dealing with typecasting, and his eventual involvement in the Screen Actors Guild (SAG). He was president of the SAG from 1947 to 1952, and this period marks the beginning of his public political engagement, particularly in relation to anti-Communist sentiment in the film industry.
State Politics in California
Reagan’s transition from Hollywood to politics is one of the most interesting aspects of his autobiography. His entry into California politics began with his strong opposition to the liberal policies of the 1960s and 1970s, particularly those of Governor Edmund "Pat" Brown. As a two-term governor of California (1967-1975), Reagan emerged as a forceful advocate for fiscal conservatism, tax cuts, and a more traditional set of American values. His tenure as governor was marked by efforts to reform California’s budget, address the state’s growing problems with student unrest and crime, and push back against the expansion of the welfare state. His policies were often confrontational, but they resonated with the growing conservative sentiment in the country, setting the stage for his national political ambitions.
Reagan’s views on the role of government were shaped during this period, as he became a champion of a limited government approach. He came to believe that the state’s economic problems were largely the result of excessive taxation and regulation. This mindset would define his approach as president and inform his later battles with Congress and the federal bureaucracy.
Political Views and Influence of Thomas Jefferson
One of the central themes in An American Life is Reagan’s deep admiration for the Founding Fathers, particularly Thomas Jefferson. Reagan sees Jefferson as the quintessential American, a visionary who championed individual liberty, the rights of states, and a government of limited scope. He frequently references Jefferson’s principles, including his belief in the importance of self-government, personal responsibility, and a government that serves the people rather than controls them. Reagan also drew inspiration from Jefferson’s writings, particularly the Declaration of Independence, as he crafted his own political identity.
Reagan’s political views align with those of classical liberalism, emphasizing individual freedoms, a free-market economy, and a limited government. He consistently rejects the idea that government should be the primary solution to societal problems, preferring instead to trust the American people’s ability to solve issues through initiative, hard work, and entrepreneurship.
Views on the Middle East and Communism
Reagan’s foreign policy views, particularly in relation to the Middle East and communism, are significant themes in the autobiography. His stance on the Middle East, while not as detailed as some might like, is clear: he believed that the U.S. should stand firm against any form of tyranny or radical ideology, particularly Islamic fundamentalism. His handling of the Iranian hostage crisis, the U.S. embassy bombing in Beirut, and the eventual withdrawal from Lebanon after the 1983 bombing of the U.S. Marines barracks are covered, though Reagan is quick to note that his actions in the Middle East were often mischaracterized.
Reagan’s view of communism, however, is a central part of the book. He describes his deep-seated opposition to communism, shaped by his early involvement in anti-Communist activism in Hollywood. As president, he adopted a confrontational stance against the Soviet Union, exemplified in his famous "Evil Empire" speech and his aggressive military and economic strategy designed to undermine the Soviet regime. His belief that communism was an existential threat to the United States and the values of the free world underpinned much of his foreign policy.
Economic Views
Reagan’s economic philosophy is perhaps the most enduring aspect of his legacy. His belief in supply-side economics, tax cuts, and deregulation are all key points in the autobiography. Reagan emphasizes that his economic policies were designed to reduce the burden of government on individuals and businesses, thereby stimulating growth and innovation. He argues that by lowering taxes, particularly on the wealthy and businesses, it would lead to greater investment, job creation, and overall economic expansion. While Reagan acknowledges the challenges and criticisms of his policies, he stands firm in his belief that reducing government intervention was key to revitalizing the American economy.
The Reagan tax cuts, which reduced income tax rates across the board, were a cornerstone of his administration. Reagan defends these cuts as necessary to promote economic growth, and he points to the subsequent economic boom of the 1980s as evidence of their success. However, he also recognizes that the federal deficit expanded during his presidency, a point that his critics often cite. Reagan attributes this in part to the increase in military spending during the Cold War, though his critics argue that the tax cuts exacerbated the deficit.
What the Book Misses
While An American Life is a rich and engaging memoir, there are notable areas where the book falls short. For one, Reagan’s autobiography doesn’t delve deeply into some of the more controversial aspects of his presidency, such as the Iran-Contra affair. The scandal, which involved the illegal sale of arms to Iran to fund Nicaraguan rebels, is given only a cursory mention. Reagan does not fully address the complexities or the political fallout of the scandal, which remains a significant part of his legacy.
Additionally, while the book offers insights into his views on foreign policy, it glosses over some of the challenges and ambiguities of his presidency, particularly in dealing with the complexities of the Middle East. Reagan’s policies toward Iraq, Israel, and Lebanon are not explored in-depth, and his administration’s relationship with Saddam Hussein and the Iran-Contra affair is underrepresented. Furthermore, the book provides no color on 1986 amnesty of illegal immigrants.
Finally, the autobiography is relatively light on the personal toll of the presidency. While Reagan reflects on his time in office and his accomplishments, he is less forthcoming about the personal costs—such as the impact of his deteriorating health, especially towards the end of his second term, or his internal struggles during moments of crisis.
Conclusion
An American Life is a captivating look at the life of Ronald Reagan, offering insights into the experiences and beliefs that shaped one of the most significant figures of the 20th century. Reagan’s storytelling is candid and filled with personal reflections that offer valuable context for understanding his political evolution. While the book is more of a memoir than a detailed policy analysis, it offers a compelling portrait of the man and his ideals, especially his deep-rooted faith in the American people and his belief in the virtues of freedom and individual responsibility. However, it leaves out some of the more controversial aspects of his presidency, and readers hoping for a thorough analysis of his time in the White House may find the autobiography lacking in certain areas. Nevertheless, for anyone interested in Reagan’s life and legacy, An American Life is an essential read.