Everybody who knows anything about World War II know that cracking the Japanese and German military encryption systems was critical to shortening and winning the war. That is about it. They do not know how it was done. This book fills that gap gallantly for the Enigma machines used by the Germans and especially focuses on how the German Navy used Enigma. It all started in the 1920s, came to a top issue in the 1930s and was solved in the 1940s. A shortcoming of the book is that it does not cover the conceptual ideas of how Enigma machines came to be invented and developed in the first place. Nevertheless, it does focus on how the encryption was broken and how events in the field supported the effort. Few people realize the effort, courage, and lost lives that it took to capture German U-boats and trawlers and their encrypting equipment and documentation. This provided necessary clues on how to break the Enigma machine. Many times, British personnel would go down the conning tower of a damaged and sinking U-boat that had been abandoned by its German crew and recover Enigma machines and codebooks. These were then sent to Bletchley Park where the material was put to good use. Bletchley is where the Enigma system was being researched and solved.
The book also delves into the details of how the encryption was used by the Germans and broken by the British. There were many ways to do so depending on what was available. The Poles started the effort and solved some code in the early 1930s, and this work was taken over by the French and British after Poland was invaded in 1939. Even before France fell, the British recruited math geniuses from universities to work on the code and develop methods of solving. Another major piece was keeping the Germans in the dark about how successful the effort was. This was tricky as a balance had to be struck between using the decoded messages directly to save lives (and the war) and how to obfuscate the Germans that the decodes were being used. This generally involved masking the use of Enigma by setting up a situation where planes or ships would “stumble” onto German U-boats and supply ships. This provided cover to solving the code that gave away this information. An excellent read that provides a good history of the topic.