Christopher Hibbert, in his 'Personal History' of Benjamin Disraeli, makes a valiant and highly satisfactory effort to capture the enigmatic and seemingly unknowable character of his subject, the most extraordinary and unlikely man to have become Prime Minister. This is not by intention a political biography, and, indeed, political events and ideas provide only the background against which Disraeli's private life is revealed, in a reversal of usual practice, but this allows, through wide use of primary documents, including personal letters and diaries, the reader to understand the unique man who was Disraeli as a private individual separate from his cultivated public persona.
What emerges from Hibbert's entertaining book is an engaging study of Disraeli's somewhat dissipated youth, his early, checkered literary career, his selfishness and reckless indebtedness, and his burgeoning, self-serving political role as a backbench MP, first as cheerleading acolyte of Peel, and then, after being denied the office to which he, almost uniquely, believed himself entitled in 1841, as scourge of Peel and all his works. As such, rather than focus upon the national political disputes around the repeal of the Corn Laws and policy towards Ireland which split the Conservative Party in 1845-6, Hibbert frames this as a battle of wills between two differing types of political leader, the experienced and cautious statesman and the ambitious orator, who would turn out, to most of his colleagues' surprise and offen alarm, to be the coming man.
From this, Hibbert goes on to show how Disraeli, through his growing command of the House of Commons and assiduous social climbing, allied to marriage to the recently widowed, and moderately wealthy (and fourteen years his senior), Mary Anne Lewis, was able to establish himself not only as an unlikely country gentleman, but also, after the death of Lord George Bentinck in 1848, as the undisputed leader of the Tory Party in the Commons and, subsequently, once the earl of Derby had retired, the country. What this reveals is how Disraeli, the ultimate nineteenth century self-made man, was able to transform himself from social dandy and literary gadfly, a waspish 'ton' peacock dressed in outrageous colours, into the respectable party leader who served as Chancellor of Exchequer and effective deputy in Derby's three administrations in 1852, 1858-9, and 1866-8. Again, the focus is not upon the political battles, with even the Great Reform Act of 1867, which made Disraeli the undisputed leader of his party, mentioned only briefly, while the contentious budget of 1852, and its role as the piquant cause of the famed antagonistic rivalry with Gladstone (whose part in this book, except with regard to personal comments, is much diminished compared to other biographies) is entirely ignored.
What we get, therefore, is a personal portrait of the man who reached the top of the greasy poll in 1868, and, who born to a Jewish bibliophile and prolific but pedantic author, and without either public school or university education, had by his sheer éclat and drive made himself the tribune of establishment values, standard-bearer of Church, Nation, and Empire, and the Queen's most adored first minister. This is a remarkable achievement, and, as Hibbert reveals, one of a most remarkable person, who once a rather dissolute, selfish, and unpleasant young man had been transformed by his effort and opportunism into statesman and educator of his party.
This middle part of Disraeli's life is framed by Disraeli's marriage to the devoted, if eccentric, Mary Anne, who gave him the stability and uxorial love he required to support his highwire parliamentary career, and who, for all her idiosyncracies and social faux pas is portrayed affectionately here, while the last part, that which pertains to his great, reforming Second Ministry, 1874 to 1880, is dominated by his relationship with the other woman in his life, and the dominant one after his wife's death in 1872, Queen Victoria. And so, we see this important administration almost entirely through the letters between Monarch and Prime Minister, and can so admire Disraeli's deft management of this 'secret ministry', which, while time consuming and often frustrating, harnessed to his government the full and valuable support of the Queen, something Gladstone, to his disadvantage, was temperamentally unable to do.
What emerges from the biography of the private Disraeli is an attractive portrait of a man of tremendous talent and self-assurance, who often shamelessly seized every opportunity to advance his career, either literary or social (Disraeli was an inveterate country house guest) or political, and so from self-obsessed and dissolute youth developed into one of the towering figures, both at home and abroad, of the nineteenth century. Through the Disraelis' correspondence we gain an intimate picture of a truly loving marriage, and can then fully appreciate Disraeli's devastation at her death, and the loneliness which ensued, which he assuaged through his personal and epistolary devotion to the Queen when her prime minister, and in his close, platonic relationships at the end of his life with two married sisters, Anne, countess of Chesterfield, and, in particular, Selena, countess of Bradford. Disraeli always abhorred male-only society, as necessary as it was for his public career, much preferring the company of intelligent women upon whom he could deploy his considerable charm, which means he appears a more modern and sympathetic subject than most of his contemporaries in the paternalistic and overwhelmingly homosocial (and, as this book shows, antisemitic) political society of his age. And so,as we take leave of Hibbert's Disraeli upon his touching deathbed (during his life he had often been ill, so much of his adventures were punctuated by sickbed episodes, especially with gout, although often with a hint of melancholic or exhausted hypochondria), it is of both an extraordinary and attractive politician, who emerges through widespread and effective use of personal sources in this fine biography of a private life well lived, as a man of whom most were wary or even heartily disliked upon first acquaintance, but whom became admired, and even loved, as his true personality was revealed over time.