Religious wars are rampant throughout history. They are still happening today, even though they are subtler in some ways. None of our countries in the world will experience real peace until people and governments can agree to live and let live.
In this second of the two books Edward Rutherfurd wrote about Dublin, we are invited to visit many other areas of Ireland as well. Some of these were touched on in the previous book, and this is expanded into a bigger picture point of view that takes in more of the country in The Rebels of Ireland. The book picks up roughly where the first left off; it is 1597 and the time of “Plantation”. The idea being, if enough Protestants from England and Scotland were to transplant themselves in Ireland, eventually the country would be taken over and peace would reign.
As history has taught us, that is not a viable nor a desirable solution. During the 1640’s when Cromwell’s armies were called upon to settle the situation using force if necessary, many of his soldiers refused to go to Ireland. ”A man’s religion is a matter of personal conscience. Why should we force the Irish to be Protestants?” Interestingly, while the Catholic population of Ireland were dismissed as ignorant, lazy, and adversarial in all things, they were far better educated than their Protestant “overseers”. Education was considered a birthright by Catholics – for both boys and girls.
All the highlights of the decades and centuries are covered in this novel, and the impact of the times upon the people of Ireland is brought into our hearts through the families we meet along the way. The traces of many of these families – both Catholic and Protestant, both English and Irish, and every combination of these imaginable – are tied back to the very beginnings of recorded history, which was so well done in the first book. Some of these families were descended from the Vikings (Scandinavia in general), some from the Welsh, some from the Mediterraneans, some from the Scottish and of course, the English.
As more time passes the complexities grow. There is even a time when families would have some sons raised Protestant and others raised Catholic in an attempt to ensure that the family would survive no matter who was in power. We travel through the time of King James, William of Orange, Queen Ann, and King George, noticing as we go the loss of power for the Kings and Queens to change anything as power becomes transferred to Parliament.
We meet Doctor Thomas Sheridan and the Dean of Saint Patrick’s, Jonathan Swift, along with many other fascinating historical figures. We witness how the American War of Independence and the French Revolution splintered Irish politics yet again. During these times, roughly four-fifths of the Irish population were Catholic, yet they had no part in politics except experiencing the wrong side of crippling penal laws.
Over time various Acts of Parliament were passed to mitigate the problem as Ireland kept up the pressure. At times, it seemed as though the English Parliament just wanted them to go away. The Irish Ascendancy was yet another blow where self-appointed aristocrats and the Troika took over to run the country. Two steps forward and one and three-quarters back; reversal after reversal continued to plague the small island.
The early 1800’s brought a devastating famine where easily a million souls died. The ones who survived were so weakened that many of them didn’t make it either. Mass migrations, especially to America, began at this time. Evictions from property ran rampant and the homeless were a multitude. Workhouses and soup kitchens couldn’t keep up to the need, and even the Quakers had to give up.
This book and the people’s stories within it continues through to the 1920’s, and although tragedy marks so many of the decades in one way or another, the author always writes from a position of hope. Ireland is not a country that gives up easily, and as each generation makes heroic attempts to leave it a better place for their children we can’t help but cheer them on and hope that sooner or later peace will reign in this ancient and beautiful land.
In my review of the first book, The Princes of Ireland, I posted an excerpt from Mr. Rutherfurd’s website regarding his views of the responsibility of historical authors to be as accurate as they can be via research from as many sources as possible. In this second book, his integrity continues to shine brightly and I recommend these two books to anyone who is interested in learning more of Ireland’s history and its path of evolution throughout centuries of time.