Gadsby

by Ernest Vincent Wright

Fifty-year-old John Gadsby is alarmed by the decline of his hometown, Branton Hills, and rallies the city's young people to form an "Organization of Youth" to build civic spirit and improve living standards. Gadsby and his youthful army, despite some opposition, transform Branton Hills from a stagnant municipality into a bustling, thriving city. Toward the end of the book the members of Gadsby's organization receive diplomas in honor of their work. Gadsby becomes mayor and helps increase Branton Hills' population from 2,000 to 60,000. The story begins around 1906 and continues through World War I, Prohibition, and President Warren G. Harding's administration.
"Gadsby" is a lipogram - a whole novel of some 50.000 words without a single instance of the letter E. When it first appeared in 1939 it was hardly noticed by the general public, but a modern reviewer called it "probably the most ambitious work ever attempted in this genre". Hardcopies of the book are extremely rare and sell for thousands of dollars. (Summary by Availle and Wikipedia)

Genres: Fiction, Classics, Historical Fiction, Novels, 20th Century, Adult, Language

260 pages, Hardcover

First published January 1, 1939

Reviews

[Howard · Rating 3 out of 5]

What can I say about this work from Anno Domini forty-four multiply forty-four plus four plus unity. It is distinct in that it has lost a thing amounting to an unusual four AIOU only, with a missing particular alpha-symbol. As I try to construct a summary I find I'm in Wright's location of mind - hmmm. A crucial constraint is that of my own limit that my summary can only and must aid your brains in linking this book to an uplift in your know-how and if of worth for you to scan Gadsby too.

So what is that story?. Mayor Gadsby grows a town from small to big via a library, zoo, airport and so on. A family man with four kids, by Lady Gadsby, who in turn marry; thus having additional boys and girls making him a grandpa. A family, civil group yarn; youth is a dominant topic as in Waltons' family. Councilman Simpkins is a grump, grouchy and inhibitor. Towards its conclusion war starts abroad towards Paris (actual fighting missing from story). It is disappointing that Wright could not think of a good plot similarly quick and smart to that Francais-author of "Avoid" linking to such a constraint. Why construct a book losing such a crucial point to a work only; a bit similar to building a cocoa-char-pot? I found our story similar to "It's a `Brilliant' `Living'" that famous black and gray flick at Christmas but without fantasy, passion or drops of damp down your facial front.

I normally find it important to add my own opinion of such a work not taking account of and as it stands apart from that limit in its construction; and this is at a point at which I find I can't say it's good. Boring, cold, unsympathy of form, making a hollow story could add to a list of words showing its synopsis points but Wright works hard no doubt. Why would you want to pass many hours taking this in and not find joy or bliss; you may I think in your own way on this though?. Small charm, thrill and lacking a climax is a rundown of it.

I had a good look for USA ways of making words that might fail by UK ways of doing things and found only unity in "gray".

Finally a summary: brainy, quick to scan, good to say you got to study it but don't plan to find big amounts of joy. Wright has award limit of two or four stars only (obviously) but which? I can think only to find favour in summary and four stars: it is mainly for that kind of big task built right to final and last folio!

(PS I did not apply a big quantity of clocks hours to build this form of words so though a difficult task, not too difficult; but shows that that limit for finding right words crafts a poor outlook as a conclusion for yours truly and Wright?)

Now a bit from Gadsby:

"Youth is wisdom in formation, and with it many thoughts startling to adult minds.... Youth only, is that lubrication which can run tomorrow's world"
.........

There seem varied, great feelings deep inside me; the writer Ernest limited the text, subject here reviewed, made use certain letters exclusively. One needs the reviewer's review's chosen letters overall otherwise addressing the balance? However the review style doesn't permit one more review per novel. One needs either give few second ideas wide berth, unless the reader permits me grace accepting the clear break between the sections - cheers. Each single phrase entity needs the letter `e' added. The greater complexity level between the modes chosen needs be decided.

The novel title mentioned earlier tells the tale enlarging the hamlet heading beyond metropolis. The responsible chief male person takes great trouble progressing meritus endeavours, leads the people near elevated heights. There are certain elements besides paper repositories, aerodromes, museums etc each one needing money placed inside charitable collecting receptacles. Warfare enters. One gets annoyed the writer makes the storyline dreary. Perec incorporated the limited E use fixed inside the text narrative itself - the detective notices something misplaced the `E'. The limited text affects the value overall - the creation otherwise achieves the likeness near chocolate teapot level. The storyline summarized being like James Stewart's "Wonderful Life" however excluding zeal, tears, veritable peak.

Examining the lexicon available the English versus American spelling: "grey" being one. The end summarized clever, easily read, nice completing the novel text. However large happiness quantities are deficient reaching the end. Ernest five pointed character?: one, three, five being allowed alone (clearly)? There's the truest lexical dilemma given the already scored figure! Clearly quotes needs be absent moreover. One leaves the second review there. Finale applied myself?: conclusively the second limited text style being the more complex!

[Larry McCloskey · Rating 2 out of 5]

First, credit where credit is due: Ernest Vincent Wright managed to write a 50,000 word novel without using the letter 'e'. If you're wondering just how tough that is, my first sentence there had 15 of them. From that perspective, this is a fun read.

Beyond that, though, I don't know how many people are going to stick with this book. It's an overly cute - I'd have to say trite - "Our Town" style story about John Gadsby and his campaign to wake up the sleepy little town of Branton Hills through his Organization of Youth - both turning the little town into a booming city and empowering the next generation.

It's a very dated (written in 1939 and set well before that) book and carries the same sensibility. The boys go off to war, build homes and get jobs while the ladies take care of the babies. Looming over it all, of course, is the spectre of demon alcohol. Some of it is cute, some is even motivational, but a lot is syrupy and sickly sweet, which to be fair was the way of storytelling back then.

A shorter novel - clocking in at 123 pages - you can probably get through it before the "no 'e'" novelty wears off but all you'll really take away from it is the fact that he pulled it off. That said, I caught him cheating twice, but I'm a grammar Nazi.

[Debbie Zapata · Rating 4 out of 5]

I thought I would try to copy Wright in my ruminations about his book Gadsby, which has no hint of what follows D's tail in our ABC. Not in any word put to work in this story! But it is so difficult (and slow) to think in such a way that I will quit and go back to normal, although I must pat my own back for writing this far without using that tiny but important thing known as an E.

When I first saw this book listed at Project Gutenberg, I had to wonder why anyone would try to pull such a stunt. A story of 50,000 words without using a single E?! The man must have been bored, had way too much time on his hands, who knows what. But I became more and more curious. How did he do it? Did he write a real story that made sense or did he just scribble some vaguely connected thoughts? I added it to my To-Read list, thinking I would get to it someday.

But everyday I saw the title there on my profile page and finally I could not stand the suspense anymore so I started to read. The author discusses the challenge in his introduction, reminding everyone of his plans for the story and how he sometimes would start a thought and have to go back and start over after writing himself into a corner.

I was distracted at first by hunting for the missing letter; who wouldn't be? But I quickly became caught up in the history of the town of Branton Hills and Gadsby, the man who nearly single-handedly was responsible for helping the town grow into a near Utopia. There is sometimes a bit of preachiness and moralizing, but there is also drama: it seems that even without an E in sight, there are always a few snakes in any garden
of Eden.

This story felt like reading a letter from an old friend, and I was actually sorry to come the end, but happy with the way everything turned out. Then I saw the note below FINIS. "Transcriber's Note: Did any "e"s survive the publishing process? Yes, three "the"s, and one "officers" — all have been retained as published." I don't remember seeing a single E, and some day I will re-read to see if these three really are there. If you find them, let me know!

[Sijmen · Rating 2 out of 5]

Orthography apart, this writing is of an old fashion, high on words and in particular morals. Though grabbing and humorous on occasion, this book is not worth going through for anything but linguistic admiration. Notwithstanding this, I am taking off my imaginary hat to this author’s cunning handling of words. I know now how vastly difficult this is.

[Isabella · Rating 3 out of 5]

Rating: 3 stars

A limitation such as this is simply taking it too far, don't you think? It's just so constricting, for all 50,000+ words to not contain such a common thing as E. Upon starting this book, I thought that it was simply too hard. You just can't say what you want to say. Just think, so many words you can't (ok, screw it) use. So yeah, I was trying to write this review without the letter E like everyone else but it's too hard, dammit. Real props to Wright for managing to write an entire novel without them.

But that's pretty much all the praise I can give Gadsby, because it is 100% a creative exercise, and, well, I suppose he puts it best himself:

As the vowel E is used more than five times oftener than any other letter, this story was written, not through any attempt to attain literary merit, but due to a somewhat balky nature, caused by hearing it so constantly claimed that “it can’t be done; for you cannot say anything at all without using E, and make smooth continuity, with perfectly grammatical construction—” so ‘twas said.

And I suppose that sums up all the rest of Gadsby. Yes, Wright did an amazing job of writing a book without the letter E that wasn't mumbo jumbo, but it was far, far from a literary masterpiece. The story was boring, the characters were boring, the setting was boring. And not even the "boring" that all the mandatory school books are. No, this was just a E-less bunch of nothing. I couldn't tell you any aspect of any character, even their gender ("she" and "he" were obviously prohibited). There is absolutely nothing compelling about this story whatsoever.

But I love obscure patterns and stuff. Prime numbers are my jam, palindromes make me very happy, and this kind of dumb thing is going to excite my nerdy little heart. So even though Gadsby should probably be a 2 or even 1 star, I can't bring myself to give it below 3.

[Alex · Rating 2 out of 5]

Okay, not to spoil the book for you... but there's no letter "e".

That's it.

I can really only recommend this book as a curiosity, and a pretty good curiosity it is, but I can't recommend the story. After 20,000 words it felt like I was pulling teeth with every page because Nothing Happens! Then after 40,000 I was just hoping that the end would come soon because Still Nothing Had Happened!

The problem is nothing to do with the lack of the letter "e", which the author handles very skilfully at times, but his apparent aversion to any sort of conflict in the story. Everyone's too bloomin' nice and happy. Everything in the town is always fine. There was only one moment in the whole book where I thought "ha ha! some conflict!" and then he only kept it going for at most a scene before reverting back to the usual general state of optimistic well-being. Even the arrival of the war didn't change the mood. It's not that I wanted it to be The Godfather or anything like that, but there were hundreds of opportunities to at least have an argument between a couple of characters, but it just never happened.

However, I would heartily recommend the preface (which does actually include the letter "e"), which is quite fun. I would even recommend reading through the book a bit, just to convince yourself that it is possible to write a book without the letter "e". But when you get bored... just stop reading.

[Owen Townend · Rating 4 out of 5]

(Every other review mimics Wright's exceptional feat of avoiding the letter 'e' so I have decided to evade this by putting an 'e' at the beginning of each sentence and every paragraph and generally exploiting it wherever possible.)

Egads, Gadsby!

Easy is not a word that enters the mind when first reading this book. 'E' proves a very tricky letter to avoid and the omission glares at least once every page here, especially in enforced colloquial grammar and employment of tense.

Even so, Gadsby remains an enlivening tale of one man's mission to elevate the profile of enterprising young minds and turn his enduring town of Branton Hills into an energetic city.

Ecclesiastically speaking, this does often hint towards or even outright exclaim God's hand in all events. Early on in the plot, this is relatively easy-going but, edging towards the end, it did enervate my exclusive enjoyment.

Exceptions can be made though if you're enamoured with the enthusiastic works of Ray Bradbury's Green Town stories or if you're just after escape into ecstatic elation. End of day, Gadsby exceeds extraordinary.

[Ari von Nordenskjöld · Rating 1 out of 5]

What can I say? E for Effort? Nobody in their right mind would purchase this book were it not for its well-known quirk, which really is its only salient quality. Well, it is also quite amusing, in a rather quaint way, though not by intention. The plot is non-existent, and the sentiments expressed throughout are the products of the senile mind belonging to an old man, of whose intelligence I unfortunately have no positive things to say. It's a great idea ruined by shoddy execution. He doesn't even do his one job very well, as he frequently has to break the fourth wall and remind his reader that he can't use the letter E, and often uses very suspect synonyms. I could do much better. Actually, almost anyone could, given enough time.

[Mary · Rating 2 out of 5]

I was told of this book, which was fully intact, without containing any sign of a particularly familiar symbol. Upon finishing this work, I now call out for a book contribution that maintains a similar constraint AND contains a stimulating plot. To put it bluntly, this particular story is simply boring.

[Laurent De Maertelaer · Rating 2 out of 5]

E-lipogrammatische roman uit 1939, vroeger dus dan ‘La disparition’. Een tour de force en een rariteit, maar veel minder leesbaar dan Perec en een belerend, verouderd thema.

[Samichtime · Rating 3 out of 5]

The unique reading experience cements Vincent’s legacy nearly one hundred years later, however, given E’s removal being the featured literary device, he clearly sacrificed the novel’s overall cohesiveness.

[Linds · Rating 3 out of 5]

This book is famous for not having any words using a particular symbol that usually hangs out with A, I, O, and U. (Tis a hard thing to do, I am finding.) It's sooo amazing that Wright could accomplish a sound story with that mission, and at fifty thousand words on top of that. It warrants a LOT of kudos.

But... this book's plot is just okay. It's a bit slow, a bit boring. I don't know how much of that is word choosing, (as it truly limits your options) which could hurt his writing - though I kind of doubt it. I was struck by his vocabulary, and his story flows fairly naturally. And, so I stay fair, it's not all boring/slow. It has amusing bits. It's obvious this author has skill in writing, any way you look at it. (I found his introduction particularly humorous, and his following story has occasional, surprising wit.)

I'm glad I found it, but I wouldn't want to go through it again.

[Nate Wood · Rating 4 out of 5]

This book would have been 2 stars, but it doesn’t have the letter ‘e’ in it which I think is pretty cool.

[Yuvaraj kothandaraman · Rating 3 out of 5]

"Gadsby" by Ernest Vincent Wright (published in 1939) is not a normal book. It's a 50,000-word novel written entirely without using the letter "E", the most common vowel in the English language. This is called a "lipogram," and it's a book that exists more as a test of language and creativity than as conventional storytelling.

Wright describes his process in the introduction: he tied down the "E" typewriter key to make it physically impossible to accidentally use the letter. He faced enormous challenges,almost all past tense verbs end in "-ed," numbers between six and thirty contain "E," common words like "the," "the," and "he" become impossible and pronouns like "he," "she," "they," "her," and "herself" are completely forbidden.

The author admits the book was not written "through any attempt to attain literary merit, but due to a somewhat balky nature" after hearing people claim "it can't be done." He spent five and a half months writing with so many erasures and rewrites that he "trembles" thinking about them. This is not a book written for art, it's a book written to prove a point.

Beneath the linguistic constraint lies an actual narrative. The story centers on John Gadsby, a man in his fifties living in the small, stagnant town of Branton Hills. Gadsby becomes a champion of youth, recognizing that young people have ideas and energy that adults dismiss. He organizes teenagers into an "Organization of Youth" that transforms their sleepy town through determination and optimism.

What begins as small projects grows exponentially. The youth build parks, establish a public library, create a manual training school, organize band concerts, establish hospitals, create a night school, start a radio station, and build a zoo. Along the way, Gadsby runs for mayor and wins, using his platform to continue expanding opportunities for young people. The story spans from around 1906 to 1918, showing how one man's faith in youth can transform a community.

The actual plot is heartwarming. There are romances, Gadsby's son John marries Sarah Young, a young woman who helped with youth projects. Kathlyn, Gadsby's daughter, marries an organist named John. Arthur Rankin, a key youth leader, marries Priscilla Standish in a hospital during a wartime reunion. By the story's end, these young people have families of their own, representing the continuation of positive social change.

The story addresses serious themes: the class divide between rich philanthropists and the working poor, the resistance of conservative town councils to progress, the importance of public institutions like libraries and hospitals, the value of manual training and vocational education, gender equality through women's organizations, and the power of collective youth action to overcome adult obstruction.

The writing is genuinely awkward, but in ways that are sometimes unintentionally comic and sometimes genuinely disorienting. Instead of simple past tense ("replied," "answered," "asked"), Wright must repeatedly use "said." Normal connecting words like "the," "he," "she," and "however" vanish. Sentences twist themselves into bizarre shapes to avoid forbidden words. For example, instead of writing "she," he must write "this girl" or "our young lady" repeatedly..

The author acknowledges these problems in the introduction, noting that the constraint causes "bumpy spots" in composition. He's absolutely right. Reading this book requires patience because your brain constantly notices the unnatural phrasing. You cannot get lost in the story because the unusual language constantly reminds you that you're reading something constructed around arbitrary rules.

Oddly, some passages flow surprisingly well. Dialogue sometimes feels natural. Descriptions of activity,youth working on projects, crowds at celebrations, the construction of civic institutions can be engaging because the constant action distracts from the artificial language. Emotional moments, like Gadsby comforting a frightened child by sitting on the grass and talking gently, sometimes transcend the constraint because genuine human emotion comes through.

The book does prove something: linguistic constraints don't destroy meaning. Through creative use of synonyms, unusual word order, and creative phrasing, Wright communicates. You understand what's happening. The story isn't incomprehensible,it's just exhausting to read because your brain is constantly processing the workarounds.

The most interesting aspect of Gadsby isn't the story—it's what it reveals about English.
The letter "E" appears more than five times more frequently than any other letter. Remove it, and you've fundamentally broken the language. Most verbs collapse without past tense. Most pronouns vanish. The most common words, "the," "he," "she," "these," "where," "when" become forbidden. Yet Wright proves language is flexible enough to communicate without them, though it requires constant creativity and occasional awkwardness.

For linguists, writers, or language enthusiasts, Gadsby is intellectually fascinating. It's a demonstration of linguistic plasticity and human ingenuity. For general readers seeking entertainment, it's a challenging slog.

The book is painfully repetitive because the constraint limits word choices. The same phrases appear constantly: "bright youth," "young folks," "Organization of Youth," "public good." Because normal synonyms are forbidden (since they contain "E"), Wright circles back to the same vocabulary repeatedly. Reading becomes monotonous.

The book succeeds as a linguistic curiosity but fails as engaging fiction. It's the literary equivalent of watching someone juggle chainsaws, impressive as a feat of skill, but not necessarily entertaining.

Historical Significance:
Wright wrote this in the 1930s as a response to skepticism about whether constrained writing was possible. He was proven right, the book was published and is still read over 80 years later. This single work established that linguistic constraints don't make communication impossible, just difficult. That's genuinely important for understanding language, even if the book itself isn't particularly enjoyable.

My rating:3/5

[Theresa · Rating 4 out of 5]

This book was super dated and totally sexist, (GIRLS going to WAR? ...Nooo no no- best to just sit down and knit while you wait to get married.) But: it does manage to have a coherent plot all the way through without once using the letter "e." He even writes in "accents" and popped in a poem.

The story is pretty boring and ultra-saccharine, but I did get some chuckles from it. The author is aware that his flow is a bit stilted due to the restriction, and he gets parenthetical about it a few times during the book.

Certainly not something I would recommend for the storyline, but I got a kick out of it for sure.

[Hunter · Rating 1 out of 5]

The book is a great novelty considering the fact that it is a lipogram. Yet that is about it. The story almost completely revolves around the building of a city which (in my opinion)is horribly slow to read.

[Merry · Rating 4 out of 5]

When I learned about this book, a novel of 50,000+ words without once using the letter ‘e’, I was so curious I just had to read it. It reads very much like “Our Town” (or at least what I remember “Our Town” being about); it’s basically a story about the growth of a tiny village, Branton Hills, into a thriving city through the efforts of one man who believed in the ability and determination of Youth (yes, with a capital Y). We follow the lives of many of their citizens, some from birth to adulthood. Yes, it’s rather dated in that the boys go off to war, get jobs, etc and the girls become mothers and raise families, but the author was a product of his times. After all the book was written in 1939. But of course the amazing part is that the author was able to write such a story at all without using the most common letter in the English alphabet. That’s probably worth an extra star right there! Maybe I should have given it 5 stars.

[Rebekah · Rating 1 out of 5]

The idea behind this book, not using a single E in the text was very interesting. But what I couldn’t stand was the constant mentioning of it. Multiple times he would bring up the orthography to explain why he didn’t name something or why he called it something else. For instance calling it a film show instead of a movie. If he would have just used film show, I would have just assumed that’s how he spoke, or that it fit the time of the book. Pointing out the Orthography of the book was very distracting!

[Minnie Zimmerman · Rating 2 out of 5]

Following Wright's goal, I too shall put forth a paragraph or two avoiding that common symbol:

His book was sold for its orthological aim, which Wright did accomplish, so hats off to him for that! And that is all in this book that's worthy of my two-star rating; it's an almost impossibly difficult task!

But, his story's actual plot was not thrilling. It was bland, misogynistic with its old ways of thinking, and had nothing going for it. Sorry, Wright! Much admiration for your goal, though. ;)

[clarinha · Rating 2 out of 5]

muito interessante o fato dele ser escrito sem a letra E. mas talvez é a unica coisa interessante nele....

[Courtney ♡ · Rating 2 out of 5]

This book actually gave me a headache. Will never read again. :(

[Joseph Fountain · Rating 4 out of 5]

Gadsby by Ernest Vincent Wright is a novel of over 50,000 words, not once using the letter “E”. This is known as a lipogram: a written work where the author constrains themselves, usually by omitting some specific letter. There have been many lipograms by many authors, most of them either omitting a less essential letter, or omitting “E” in a FAR shorter work. A full novel lipogram omitting “E” was considered impossible. Wright accomplished this feat – to prove it could be done. In tribute, I will attempt a single paragraph of review without the letter “E”.

Gadsby is a story of “Youth’s Champion, John Gadsby. Commit no fault and think this is that famous story of Jay Gatsby; it is not. Gadsby is a man, a visionary, who knows his small town of Branton Hills is a tiny burg without ambition of distinction for lack of vision. Gadsby thinks on many obstructions and knows his first shot is with Branton Hills’ youth. Gadsby forms a Youth Organization and drafts local youths as assistants to bring about all sorts of civic growth: a library, hospital, city park, zoo, night school, airport, and on and on. Branton Hills blooms to a modish city and a paragon of civic growth, with Gadsby as its mayor. It is a happy story with not many villains. As a story, it is only so-so, but I must applaud its author for an astonishing victory.

I'm giving it four stars because it is an amazing accomplishment.

My full review: http://100greatestnovelsofalltimeques...

[Zak Baldwin · Rating 2 out of 5]

An interesting concept, and very cleverly written, but the constrictions make it very difficult to follow at times. Unfortunately the story itself isn't particularly interesting, and feels like a series of uninteresting anecdotes. I did struggle with the amount of casual sexism and racism, which isn't surprising in a book from the 30's, but still isn't nice to encounter. Overall I'd say steer clear, as there are more interesting and impressive examples of constrained writing out there.

[Charmaine · Rating 2 out of 5]

First of all, let me add my praises for the huge accomplishment of writing a book of 50000 words and not one of them has the letter e. A great feat accomplished back in 1939 and I don't know if another author replicated such a hugh task.

I thought since it was only 105 pages long, I put my earphones on and by the time I finished washed my car, I would be finished with the book. Alas, no. It was a very long one hundred pages and I must admit I wasn't too crazy about the book once I was done. There were instances that made me smile and other times I could not help but think " that's what happens when..."

At the end, all I can say is that at least I read it. I read a book that people of that time thought was not possible. Mr. Wright said I will show 'em all that indeed it was possible.

[clairette · Rating 4 out of 5]

That symbol which is so common in our Anglo-Saxon orthography has no occasion to show up in this story.

Translation- Ernest Vincent Wright wrote this book with the E bar of the typewriter tied down. Therefore, there's no E in the entire story.
Characters such as the eponymous mayor John Gadsby, his Youth Organization, and a diverse cast of characters from the city of Branton Hills will appear in this narrative. A warning- if you can't follow the rather convoluted narrative (see explanation above), you shouldn't read this.

[Elijah Oyekunle · Rating 5 out of 5]

This book is a literary masterpiece. 50,000 words without the letter 'e' and I thought Gadsby would be the most boring book I ever read. I couldn't be more wrong. Gadsby got me laughing and chuckling to myself right from the start. It was also cool to see the way the author managed to replace some of the most popular words and usages in English without using the letter 'e'. This book is a literary masterpiece.

[Frank · Rating 2 out of 5]

Having read the first few chapters of this novel... while I am impressed with Wright's cleverness and tenacity, the actual plot and characters do not grab me thus far. I understand this is primarily a gimmick book but will give it a few more pages before hitting the quit button.

[Jameson · Rating 3 out of 5]

Expansive, engaging—even revelatory—the novel remains readable despite the strangely limited lexicon. Less narrative thread, more meditation over some themes, yet interesting nonetheless. He's quite clever; he does fine, even eschewing sentence elements like the ones I've used here.

[Patty · Rating 3 out of 5]

great effort for missing a letter, shame about the content, which proves to be a cliche...

[Mehdi · Rating 5 out of 5]

Great Novel , The novel is written as a lipogram and does not include words that contain the letter "e".