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Euripides V: Electra / The Phoenician Women / The Bacchae

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In nine paperback volumes, the Grene and Lattimore editions offer the most comprehensive selection of the Greek tragedies available in English. Over the years these authoritative, critically acclaimed editions have been the preferred choice of over three million readers for personal libraries and individual study as well as for classroom use.

228 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1922

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Euripides

2,823 books1,975 followers
Euripides (Greek: Ευριπίδης) (ca. 480 BC–406 BC) was a tragedian of classical Athens. Along with Aeschylus and Sophocles, he is one of the three ancient Greek tragedians for whom any plays have survived in full. Some ancient scholars attributed ninety-five plays to him, but the Suda says it was ninety-two at most. Of these, eighteen or nineteen have survived more or less complete (Rhesus is suspect). There are many fragments (some substantial) of most of his other plays. More of his plays have survived intact than those of Aeschylus and Sophocles together, partly because his popularity grew as theirs declined—he became, in the Hellenistic Age, a cornerstone of ancient literary education, along with Homer, Demosthenes, and Menander.
Euripides is identified with theatrical innovations that have profoundly influenced drama down to modern times, especially in the representation of traditional, mythical heroes as ordinary people in extraordinary circumstances. This new approach led him to pioneer developments that later writers adapted to comedy, some of which are characteristic of romance. He also became "the most tragic of poets", focusing on the inner lives and motives of his characters in a way previously unknown. He was "the creator of ... that cage which is the theatre of William Shakespeare's Othello, Jean Racine's Phèdre, of Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg," in which "imprisoned men and women destroy each other by the intensity of their loves and hates". But he was also the literary ancestor of comic dramatists as diverse as Menander and George Bernard Shaw.
His contemporaries associated him with Socrates as a leader of a decadent intellectualism. Both were frequently lampooned by comic poets such as Aristophanes. Socrates was eventually put on trial and executed as a corrupting influence. Ancient biographies hold that Euripides chose a voluntary exile in old age, dying in Macedonia, but recent scholarship casts doubt on these sources.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 76 reviews
Profile Image for Jana.
913 reviews117 followers
January 27, 2024
All 3 great tragedians are amazing, but I especially like Euripides.

The Bacchae: Brutal, oh my! Moral is: Do not cross Dionysus.


More Euripides not in this volume (WARNING: SPOILERS TO STORIES THAT ARE 2500 YEAR OLD BELOW...)








Hippolytus: He's an odd boy. Mums is an Amazon; pops is Theseus. Step-mums Phaedra.
Tragedy ensues.

Heracles: Heracles goes NUTS & kills the kids.

Hecuba: Sweet revenge! This is a good one! End of the Trojan War.

The Trojan Women: Same story as Hecuba, but not as good for me. Less satisfying.

Iphegenia in Tauris: A happy-ever-after tragedy. Orestes comes and they escape!

Orestes: These are mean, violent, horrible people on a very dismal trajectory…when voila! Dues ex machina turns everything 180 around. Odd that. Ya, Orestes is going to drop the sword from Hermoine's throat and ask her to marry him? I don't think so!

Ion: I thought either a) Ion would kill his mama before he found out who she was, or b) mama would kill him before. Alas…neither. This isn't tragedy! It's Happy-Ever-After. I want my money back :-)

Iphegenia at Aulis: Totally new view of Clytemnestra (poor woman). No wonder she turns "evil". Very realistic dialog between Agamemnon and Menalaus.
Profile Image for R.L.S.D.
133 reviews5 followers
March 8, 2025
Disturbing and enthralling. I may never be able to stop thinking about The Bacchae - ever. What happens when you deny god in the flesh? Well, Dyonisius, the "incarnate life-force itself, the uncontrollable chaotic eruption of nature...the sap in the tree and the blood in the veins," who blesses his worshippers, and destroys or maddens his deniers, has come to tear his own relation limb from limb. Life, violence, self-knowlege, self-ignorance, worship and tradition, reason and individualism, and a god who cannot suffer - **sheesh**.

(also, I can't read Prince Caspian without trembling now.)
Profile Image for Arthur Sperry.
381 reviews14 followers
January 23, 2018
As a Latin Teacher and Latin and Greek Major as an Undergrad, I love re-reading the Classics whenever I can. I love the great lines and classic turns of phrase, and find new ones every time.
Profile Image for Ensiform.
1,524 reviews148 followers
June 28, 2011
"Electra": Very good, though not as good as Sophocles' work. I thought Electra was a self-pitying, hypocritical whiner, and apparently that's just what Euripides wanted me to think. Orestes wasn't so bright either. The intro really clued me in to Electra's sexual frustrations, envy of Clytemnestra and jealousy/hatred of her mother's lover Aegisthus. Electra & Orestes' shock at everything still being bad, even after killing their mother, was well done --- it brought the point home dramatically: No one's in the right, no one's all bad or good, and violence rarely solves things, even in god-sanctioned "justice." A powerful piece.

"The Phoenecian Women": It was very good, holding my interest despite my familiarity with the plot. The character development, again, didn't quite hold up to Sophoclean standards, but the drama and dialogue were superb. The ending (when Creon takes charge) was especially gripping. Oedipus played a minor role, but his lines were pure poetry, with quite a bit of clever use of "light" and "dark" metaphor (he being blind and all).

"The Bacchae": Before I read the insightful intro by W. Arrowsmith, I was going to pan the play, but now I see the meaning and message of the play that I missed (although I still think character development is lacking). I now see the conflict between Pentheus and Dionysius is central as person vs. person, not merely hubris vs. a god. And what I thought was disorder and sloppiness --- Dionysius' transformation from the traditional Olympian in disguise to something like a force of nature --- I now see is intentional. I did like the way, minutes after the reader's sympathy has shifted from Dionysius to the torn-apart Pentheus and Agave, the Chorus also shows its humanity by ceasing its ecstatic reveling at Pentheus' death and pitying Agave, gently helping her regain her sanity. A good play, and even though this is my 2nd read, perhaps it bears even further investigation.
Profile Image for Crito.
317 reviews93 followers
July 20, 2017
I don't really like doing brief blurbs to clarify my ratings since I don't take ratings that seriously, but these three plays are so different that it's almost a mistake to not rate them separately.
Electra is good if somewhat flawed. It downplays the scope of the tragedy which makes it stand in stark contrast to Aeschylus, but it also neuters it in a way that hurts the play a little. Again, characteristic of Euripides, it emphasizes its gray morality which also works against it a little bit in that it alienates the audience. It's an interesting play but not his best.
The Phoenician Women is a bit of a mess. It has nothing quite original going for it besides being a fanfiction of the exposition between Oedipus at Colonus and Antigone. Worst of all, other unknown playwrights got their hands all over it so its an overlong mess of conflicting styles. I'd recommend skipping it.
The Bacchae is what saves this collection, it's brilliant. Euripides departs from his central tenets of grounded realism slightly, and as a result pumps out something of higher art with the same vividness and power of Aeschylus. It's in the very language of the play. So it's a greater tragedy than any greek play has to offer that the end of The Bacchae is a giant lacuna. The lines aren't completely lost, editors have managed to humpty-dumpty the fragments together into a workable conclusion, and the main action of the play had generally concluded before the break, but oh if we could just have those lines back.
Profile Image for theo.
59 reviews9 followers
June 9, 2022
4/5 stars

I read this for school but nonetheless it is still really good.

It was really good but I liked Antigone more. Antigone was the comparative text for this Greek Tragedy. Greek tragedies are nonetheless amazing. Electra was a bit of a weirdo...no offence but I love loved loved the character dynamics of Orestes. The exploration of guilt and responsibility is explored throughout...I might post my essay later because I expressed it better but more on that later lol
Profile Image for Sarah.
123 reviews8 followers
April 9, 2025
Electra - 5 ⭐
The Phoenician Women - Went completely over my head
The Bacchae - 4 ⭐ compelling but not as much as Electra
Profile Image for Jared Delcamp.
205 reviews8 followers
November 19, 2025
Elektra was great. The price of vengeance is clearly laid out in an attention holding play. The Bacchae is a bit eerier than many of the Greek tragedies. I’m not sure how it got that feel going for it or how I feel about the play. It certainly keeps you thinking about it.
Profile Image for Zara Neville.
15 reviews16 followers
April 30, 2018
The Bacchae

Dionysus, the god of wine, prophecy, religious ecstasy, and fertility return to his birthplace in Thebes in order to clear his mother's name and to punish the insolent city-state for refusing to allow people to worship him. The background to his return is presented in the prologue, in which Dionysus tells the story of his mother, Semele, once a princess in the royal Theban house of Cadmus. She had an affair with Zeus, the king of the gods, and became pregnant.

As revenge, Zeus's jealous wife Hera tricked Semele into asking Zeus to appear in his divine form. Zeus, too powerful for a mortal to behold, emerged from the sky as a bolt of lightning and burnt Semele to a cinder. He managed, however, to rescue his unborn son Dionysus and stitched the baby into his thigh. Semele's family claimed that she had been struck by lightning for lying about Zeus and that her child, the product of an illicit human affair, had died with her, maligning her name and rejecting the young god Dionysus.
Profile Image for Mitchell.
325 reviews6 followers
November 14, 2009
Reading the Bacchae. Recently read an article in the New York Review of Books positing that, unlike most comedies that have their genesis as a response to a tragedy, this tragedy actually has its genesis in response to a comedy, The Thesmophoriasuzae by Aristophanes. Interesting.....
++++++++++++++++++++++++


What I wouldn't give to see a production of this play, a GOOD production of this play. It could be the most harrowing theatrical experience.
Profile Image for Harajyuku.
375 reviews19 followers
February 11, 2016
The Bacchae was very good. It is so far my favorite Euripidean play. Not so Phoenician Women or Electra, though the foreword to Electra was wonderful. Hmm. Four for Bacchae, three for Electra and Phoenician. (Phoenician was almost two, but for Menoeceus.)
Profile Image for Michael Helm.
108 reviews
August 12, 2025
I spoiler tagged a few paragraphs - it seems a little strange to do this to plays that are almost 2500 years old and drawn from well-known Greek myths ... but I didn't want the Furies after me.

Electra - the daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra - meets up with her long lost brother Orestes and they plot revenge on their traitorous, murderous mother and her lover Aegisthus for the murder of their father. This is the story of being confronted with bad choices - whatever the characters do is unlawful and punishable.

The background to this story is that Agamemnon & Clytemnestra's daughter Iphigenia was sacrificed by Agamemnon at Aulis for favorable winds to Troy. Clytemnestra never forgave him for that.

Electra has been married off to a poor farmer by Clytemnestra and her lover/king Aegisthus.
Electra is faithful housewife but the marriage is unconsummated.
Orestes, exiled to a place called Phocis, returns in the disguise of a Phocian and surveys the situation and the condition of his sister. However a servant recognizes Orestes and the brother / sister are reunited.

They plot the murder.

The Phoenician Women - the Phoenician women make up the chorus, and are trapped in Thebes by the civil war (to be explained below). They are the embodiment of people caught between the partisans in this kind of war. This is a story of the inevitable but unexplainable surprise results of a civil war.

This is the "Seven Against Thebes" story. The sons of Oedipus and his mother-wife Jocasta come to an arrangement after the overthrow of Oedipus. Jocasta, still living in this story, recounts that Oedipus has been imprisoned after blinding but has cursed his sons, saying they will murder each other. The sons arrangement is that they will alternate kingship/exile, but of course this immediately breaks down, and sone Eteocles refuses to leave and Polynices the other son arrives with allies to put things to (his) right. Jocasta lectures the two men, Eteocles' selfishness / ambition may destroy the city, and Polynices is willing to sack the city and turn foreign warriors/mercenaries loose on it to get what he considers his.

Companies are set up on each side of the 7 gates of Thebes.

Uncle Creon (Jocasta's brother) must sacrifice his only son, according to the ever-appearing Tiresias the prophet, due to a complex genealogical prophecy about the origin of the city of Argos. Why exactly this had to take place in this story is a little unclear.



The Bacchae - the Bacchae are Dionysus' less fanatical attendants, who serve as a chorus here.
This is the masterpiece of this set.
Dionysus is a wonderful, gentle god to his supporters, a god of wine and pleasure, and a terrible think skinned murderous demon to anyone who has expressed the slightest doubt of his divine bona fides.
This is the story of false beliefs, that there is no truth in wine, and the treachery of religion.

Curiously, Cadmus and Tiresias, the former king and the ever-present prophet, are on their way up the mountain to join in the Dionysian revelry, but it is open only to women. This feature is important later on, but these 2 men never arrive until later.

Dionysus meets his cousin, the current king of Thebes Pentheus. An herdsman arrives with a terrible story of encountering the revelers in the mountain and barely escaping with his life (but not his herds). Dionysus tricks Pentheus into spying on the revelers and Pentheus dresses up as a woman.

Profile Image for Robin Dixon.
30 reviews62 followers
April 25, 2018
The Bacchae By:Euripides

The action of the play begins with Dionysus's return to Thebes years later. He arrives in town disguised as the stranger, accompanied by a band of bacchants, to punish the family for their treatment of his mother and their refusal to offer him sacrifices. During Dionysus's absence, Semele's father, Cadmus, had handed the kingdom over to his proud grandson Pentheus. It was Pentheus's decision to not allow the worship of Dionysus in Thebes. Dionysus tells the audience that when he arrived in Thebes he drove Semele's sisters mad, and they fled to Mt. Cithaeron to worship him and perform his rites on the mountainside.
35 reviews3 followers
Read
July 31, 2024
Odd to be consistently surprised by a writer from ~450 BC, but Euripides can do it. Finding that Electra is set in a rural farmhouse, with both Clytemnestra and Aegisthus's murders awkward and half-failed, was a real surprise. Phoenician Women is a real mess, but obviously Bacchae is one of the strangest and greatest plays of all time. And more importantly than reviewing the plays - I really like these editions, though my cover looks a bit different and credits the series of books to Grene and Lattimore. They're probably my favorite for a first readthrough of a Greek tragedy.
Profile Image for Arc888.
159 reviews1 follower
January 16, 2024
Euripides strikes again! I didn't like Bacchae as much as I thought I would (something I shall blame on the translator, the only male one in this book, not to mention the one with the stuffiest intro). But the other two, Phoenician Women specifically, was particularly vivid. I'm still of the opinion that Heracles and Trojan Women are Euripides' best plays (hot take), but I enjoyed this collection nonetheless.
Profile Image for Maggie.
316 reviews
July 22, 2020
HOLY SHIT THE BACCHAE.

Pentheus:
"I shall give your got the sacrifice / that he deserves. His victim will be his women. / I shall make a great slaughter in the woods of Cithaeon."

Chorus:
"As a running fawn....she sprints...to dance for joy in the forest / to dance where the darkness is deepest/where no man is."

Cadamus:
"We have learned. But your sentence is too harsh."
Profile Image for Anna.
21 reviews18 followers
June 4, 2018
The action of the play begins with Dionysus's return to Thebes years later. He arrives in town disguised as the stranger, accompanied by a band of bacchants, to punish the family for their treatment of his mother and their refusal to offer him sacrifices.
Profile Image for Zenbob.
16 reviews1 follower
June 2, 2019
5 stars primarily for William Arrowsmith’s transcendent translation of The Bacchae. Simply solendid.
Profile Image for Josh Williard.
16 reviews
March 19, 2022
You know, this Dionysus, god of getting drunk in the woods, seems like my kind of deity.
Profile Image for Sky.
276 reviews16 followers
September 5, 2023
Read for school. Great translation. The longest of Euripides plays in the series, so be prepared to focus on the main plots (try not to get trapped by the minor details throughout these plays).
Profile Image for Jackson Snyder.
87 reviews1 follower
March 27, 2024
Very awesome very cool big fan crazy ending will definitely read again some day I love Euripides
Profile Image for ash.
62 reviews
May 21, 2024
tsh makes so much more sense now anyway why doesn’t everyone listen to advice??
Profile Image for Vanessa.
23 reviews
July 27, 2024
Read The Bacchae portion; there are many problems with Arrowsmith's translation, but even in his rendition the play shines through. Most surprising to me were the incestuous & homoerotic themes.
Displaying 1 - 30 of 76 reviews

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