THE CONTROVERSIAL PHILOSOPHER OF SCIENCE TELLS OF HIS LIFE CONTROVERSIES AND ITS ENDING
Paul Karl Feyerabend (1924-1994) was an Austrian-born philosopher of science who taught philosophy at UC Berkeley.
This 1995 book was finished only weeks before Feyerabend’s death. He wrote in the first chapter, “A few years ago I became interested in my ancestors and the early years of my life. The immediate reason was the fiftieth anniversary of Austria’s 1938 unification with Germany. I watched the events from Switzerland, where I happened to be teaching at the time… I thought a personal report might be a better way of looking at history. I was also rather curious… I had almost forgotten my years in the Third Reich, first as a student, then as a soldier in France, Yugoslavia, Russia, Poland…” Later, he adds, “I began my autobiography, mainly to recall my time in the German army and I way I had experienced national socialism. This proved a good way of explaining how my ‘ideas’ were intertwined with the rest of my life.” (Pg. 179)
He recalls of his time in the army, “Around that time I also considered joining the SS. Why? Because an SS man looked better and spoke better and walked better than ordinary mortals; aesthetics, not ideology, was my reason. (I remember feeling a strong erotic undercurrent while discussing the matter with a fellow soldier. During battle I often forgot to take cover. It was not out of bravery---I am a great coward and easily frightened---but out of excitement…” (Pg. 39)
He explains, “During the Nazi period I paid little attention to the talk about Jews, communism, the Bolshevik threat; I did not accept it, I did not oppose it; the words came and went, apparently without effect. Years later I had many Jewish friends… as a matter of fact, almost all the friends I have made in my profession are Jews, according to the Nazi definition. I didn’t know that when our friendship started. When I found out, mostly by accident, I felt that something rather special was happening. ‘He is a Jew, and he is a good friend of mine’---it was like eating forbidden fruit… Feeling differently about different faces, groups, communities seems to be more humane than a humanitarianism that evens out all individual and group idiosyncrasies.” (Pg. 53)
He admits, “It was there that I heard of Germany’s surrender… I was relieved, but I also had a great sense of loss. I had not accepted the aims of Nazism---I hardly knew what they were---and I was much too contrary to be loyal to anything. Nor did I feel betrayed, or misused, as did many Vietnam Veterans… So where did this sense of loss come from? I don’t know. What I do know is that great hopes, misplaced efforts, tremendous sacrifices were soon regarded with hatred and contempt. But were not hatred, contempt, and a desire for justice the right attitude toward ideas and actions that had caused and prolonged an atrocious war and led to the murder of millions of innocent people? Of course they were---but the trouble is that the distribution of good and evil is not easy to figure out, at least not for me.” (Pg. 55)
During the student movement of the sixties, he recalls, “I thought a student strike was rather silly… I would have stopped lecturing if my students had demanded it, but when I asked them, some said yes, some said no---and we spent the rest of the time debating the issue. Eventually I moved off campus, first into students’ quarters, then into a church. Now the administration got on my back: teachers were supposed to remain in the assigned lecture halls. Consulting the regulations I found no such rule, and continued as before. For some of my colleagues, John Searle especially, this was the last straw; they wanted to have me fired. When they realized how much paperwork was involved, they gave up. Red tape does have its advantages.” (Pg. 126)
He states, “I led a full life. Yet on May 10, 1967, I wrote in my notebook: ‘So one day passes after another and it is not clear why one should live.’ Sentiments such as this have been faithful companions in my adventures.” (Pg. 138)
He says of his book ‘Against Method,’ “AM is not a book, it is a collage. It contains descriptions, analyses, arguments that I had published, in almost the same words, ten, fifteen, even twenty years earlier.” (Pg. 139)
He reveals, “Gradually I became acquainted with ‘intellectuals.’ They constitute a very special community… This community now started taking a slight interest in me: it lifted me up to its own eye level, took a brief look at me, and dropped me again. After making me appear more important than I ever thought I was, it enumerated my shortcomings and put me back in my place. That really confused me… I grew rather depressed. The depression stayed with me for over a year… now I was alone, sick with some unknown affliction; my private life was in a mess, and I was without a defense. I often wished I had never written that fu_ing book.” (Pg. 146-147)
He concludes the book, “I am partially paralyzed, in a hospital, with an inoperable brain tumor. I would not want to die now that I have finally got my act together---in my private as well as my professional life… Grazia is with me in the hospital, which is a great joy, and she fills the room with light. I one way I am ready to depart, despite all the things I still would like to do, but in another way I am sad to leave this beautiful world behind, especially Grazia, whom I would have liked to accompany for a few more years… Whatever happens now, our small family can live forever---Grazia, me, and our love. That is what I would like to happen, not intellectual survival but the survival of love.” (Pg. 180-181)
For those interested in philosophers’ biographies, or interested in the development of Feyerabend’s thought, this book will be of keen interest.