الخطاب والتغير الاجتماعي

by Norman Fairclough, محمد عناني (ترجمة)

«ونستطيع التمييز بين ثلاثةِ جوانبَ للآثار البنَّاءة للخطاب؛ فالخطاب يُسهم «أولًا»، وقبل كل شيء، في بناءِ ما أشرنا إليه بعدة صور مثل «الهُوِيات الاجتماعية» و«مواقع الذوات» … والخطاب يساعد «ثانيًا» في بناء علاقات اجتماعية بين الناس. كما يُسهم «ثالثًا» في بناء نُظم المعرفة والعقيدة. وهذه الآثار الثلاثة تتفق مع وظائف اللغة وأبعاد المعنى الثلاثة على الترتيب، وهي التي تتعايش وتتفاعل في كل خطاب.»

يجمع هذا الكتاب بين النظرية الاجتماعية وعلم اللغة؛ ليوضِّح كيف يُمكِن لدراسة اللغة أن تأخذ في الاعتبار قضايا البِنية الاجتماعية والتغيير، مثل علاقة القوة والأيديولوجيا، فيقدِّم مراجَعة مُوجَزة ونقدية لأساليب تحليل الخطاب ونتائجه، ويناقش العملَ الوصفي للُّغويين ومُحلِّلي المحادَثة، بالإضافة إلى عمل «ميشيل فوكو» الأكثر توجُّهًا من الناحية التاريخية والنظرية، كما يضع الخطابَ في سياقٍ أوسعَ للعلاقات الاجتماعية؛ يَجمع بين تحليل النص، وتحليل عمليات إنتاج النص وتفسيره، والتحليل الاجتماعي لحدَث الخطاب، فضلًا عن توسيع فكرة الخطاب لتشمل الأشكالَ الرمزية الأخرى، مثل الصور البصرية والنصوص التي تَجمع بين الكلمة والصورة، كما هي الحال في الإعلانات.

Genres: Sociology, Nonfiction, Linguistics, Academic, Language, Communication, Research Methods

276 pages, ebook

First published January 1, 1992

Reviews

[Andrea · Rating 4 out of 5]

A great little book on discourse analysis, from a critical perspective and with an eye towards practice. It begins with a very useful summary (although now perhaps a bit outdated, but not by much) comparison, and criticism of traditional linguistics, Foucaultian discourse analysis and critical discourse analysis, fascinating to anyone interested in hegemony, power and language I should imagine. That is followed by a much more technical section of actual examples of text and illustrations of analytical techniques, and at the end is an incredibly useful guide for doing discourse analysis with main categories for analysis and the questions to build the analysis itself. Dead useful, and a very good start at bridging the distance between deep analysis of discourses in a linguistic sense, and the way other social sciences might go about it, which I am much more familiar with...

[Clare Russell · Rating 4 out of 5]

Very interesting analysis on a research method, too complex for general readers but a good practical guide for those interested in conducting DA.

[Stef Rozitis · Rating 4 out of 5]

This is a useful book. I think I will need to reread sections of it. It doesn't make discourse analysis easy, nor does it have things I can quote to defend the way I have analysed my text (in the small amount of work I have already done), but I must admit I am still in love with discourse analysis (especially the critical sort) and its possibilities even after reading this (the second Fairclough book and about the fifth DA book I have looked at.

cDA is one of those things which "ruins everything" you can never innocently view a text again. My brain seems to enjoy that but it does make me harder and harder to get along with the more of this I read. Oh well...I will stick with this.

[Marcus Lira · Rating 5 out of 5]

Very interesting book on critical discourse analysis. If you want to know more about this approach to language, read it!

[Sue Lyle · Rating 4 out of 5]

One of the classics which is a must read for anyone working in the field of discourse analysis and social change.

[✨ tweety ✨ · Rating 4 out of 5]

Uno dei tanti libri da leggere per la mia tesi aaaa

[Luis · Rating 5 out of 5]

There are many different approaches to discourse analysis, but if there is something distinctive of this one is Fairclough's cristal clear way of writing about it. As some other book on the subject present it in a byzantine way, Fairclough's approach gets straight to the main questions of this fascinating subject.

[Natalie (CuriousReader)]

Read for school; guide to discourse analysis.