Describes some general aspects of opiate dependence, the neurobiological aspects of opiate withdrawal, and factors relating to the clinical perspectives of opiate dependence. The specific topics include neurophysiological adaptive processes occurring during opiate dependence, such as changes on adenylyl cyclase pathway, d-fos expression, and glucose utilization; processes of homologous and heterologous regulation occurring on different neurotransmitter systems; the participation of different brain structures in the expression of opiate withdrawal; relationships among sensitization, tolerance, and withdrawal; classical and emerging compounds used to treat withdrawal; and a new opponent process theory of motivation that has implications for therapy. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.