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自然的脱嵌——建国以来一个草原牧区的环境与社会变迁
张雯
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以位于毛乌素沙地北部的B嘎查为例,本书从环境人类学的视角研究建国以来内蒙古草原牧区经历的环境和社会变迁。在长期的田野工作和文献研究的基础上,提出了“自然的脱嵌”的概念。笔者认为,传统时代自然与人处于互相嵌入的关系,融合渗透为一体。蒙古包是游牧生活流动性和整体性的一种表征。然而随着现代国家日益直接和深入的治理和主流话语影响,自然与人的关系变得分裂和对立起来,自然沦为人类作用于其上的客体。我们看到,无论是人民公社时期强调用集体力量“对自然的征服和改造”,还是改革开放之后以个体为单位“对自然的理性规划和利用”,抑或是新世纪以来环境保护语境下以国家项目的形式“对自然的拯救”,都是属于“自然的脱嵌”的不同形式,而这也正是造成草原沙漠化等生态悲剧的思想和社会根源。
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Published June 1, 2016
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张雯
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