Carlo D’Este’s “Eisenhower” is nothing less than a tour de force. It reminded me of reading the first volume of Edmond Morris’s masterful TR trilogy. The only downside is that D’Este’s ends rather abruptly with Ike accepting Nazi Germany’s surrender in May 1945 and he has not written a sequel, so you will have to look elsewhere to learn about Ike’s presidency and the fate of the fascinating people around him. However, reading this only child brings many rewards, including a unique perspective on Ike’s life, deep insights into World War II, scrupulous objectivity, and fascinating details missing from shorter biographies.
I opted for the long version of Ike’s life for several reasons. I don’t remember ever discussing politics with my maternal grandparents, so imagine my surprise when I opened a box of pins I inherited and the only ones of a political nature declared, “I like Ike!” I was also interested in Ike’s family background because it is similar to my own. Like Ike’s father, both of my grandfathers’ ancestors immigrated to America from southern Germany in the mid-1700s and settled in Pennsylvania before moving West in the 1800s. Eisenhower (the original spelling was Eisenhauer, which means “ironcutter”) is the second of three German-Americans to become president. Sadly, the other two, Hoover (Huber) and Trump (Drumpf), are two of the worst presidents America has ever had…
I was also curious as to how someone raised by pacifist (Mennonite) parents could become, as one of his five brothers put it, “a professional killer.” Reading “Eisenhower,” I learned of a second great irony: Ike’s father still spoke German (in my family it died out one or two generations earlier), which made Ike’s visceral hatred of his ancestral homeland all the more fascinating. The Brits were very much aware of Ike’s origins, calling the area near one of his homes in London “Eisenhower Platz.”
Ike’s childhood was much like Harry Truman’s. Both were the sons of poor Midwestern farmers who tried and failed to go into business. Neither family could afford to send their bright and hard-working sons to college, so Ike chose West Point. Ironically, Truman was in combat in World War I while Ike was never even sent, possibly due to a bad knee. Not only did Ike never see combat, he never led troops into action--his troop commands were brief and stateside. I had no idea you could still become a general, much less a four-star general.
D’Este is the first professional soldier turned presidential historian that I have read, so he provides a unique perspective and window on Ike’s military career. I have given lectures at American military bases around the world, but I had no idea what it was like to live on one, not to mention attend a service academy or advanced training program.
The second half of D’Este’s 700 pages of main text focuses on Ike’s role in World War II. Having published several books on the European theater and a biography of Patton, D’Este is ideally suited to telling this story. It is heavy on battles, but D’Este is adept at intertwining the military engagements with Ike’s personal life, including his roller coaster marriage with Mamie Dowd, frigid relationship with his father and only surviving son, emotional entanglement with his Irish driver, Kay Summersby (there is no evidence of a physical relationship), never-ending clashes with his “prima donna” generals and the antics of one very cute little black Scottie.
I came away being less impressed with Ike than I thought I would be. No doubt, Ike had great ability, charisma and commitment. He faced brutally difficult decisions (like D-Day) and daunting alliance management issues. For starters, Churchill was an “irresistible force” that required an “immovable object” like Ike. De Gaulle was even more vexing. I think my disappointment is because D’Este does not shy away from discussing Ike’s personal shortcomings (like a raging temper) or numerous military failures. Our heroes are indeed all too human. At one point Ike meets with George Marshall wondering if he still has a job, only to find out he is getting another star. This would not be the first or last example D’Este cites of a general being promoted for failure.
Like Morris’s TR trilogy, this is a two-bookmark book as many of the footnotes are fascinating. A plea to publishers: Why can’t you put them on the actual page where they appear rather than as endnotes??? D’Este does not use obscure words like Morris, but his use of military terminology and acronyms sure would benefit from a couple of explanatory pages at the outset (quick-- Which has more soldiers, a brigade or a regiment?). A collection of short bios would also be a huge help. One final nit-pick: There are a number of minor errors, including the first map, which mixes up Morocco and Algeria.
In many ways, D’Este’s tome is the perfect follow-up to French’s “FDR” and McCullough’s “Truman.” World War II looks completely different from the perspective of a war fighter than a president. I also had no idea of the complexities involved in managing the alliance with the Brits. Ike spent much more time with Churchill than FDR and Truman combined. They each had a handfull of meetings; Ike and Winnie met weekly for a year and at least every few weeks for two more years. Marshall (a high school bears his name a few miles from my house) also comes across very differently as Ike’s boss than as one of FDR and Truman’s most trusted advisors. On the other hand, Douglas MacArthur comes across just as badly as he did in “Truman.” I think I will give away my copy of “American Caesar.”
So what comes next? I plan to read Ambrose’s “Eisenhower” for the period 1945-1960 and then Newton’s “Eisenhower: The White House Years.” Sometimes, you gotta make your own trilogy.