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Punishment is used less in some systems than in others. On the basis of examples from systems where pain is rarely inflicted, some general conditions for a low level of pain infliction are formulated. The standpoint is that if pain is to be applied, this should be done without a manipulative purpose and in a social form resembling that which is normal when people are in deep sorrow.
Most of the material is from Scandinavia, but the book draws extensively on the crime control debate in the United Kingdom and USA.
About the Author:
Nils Christie is Professor of Criminology, Faculty of Law, at the University of Oslo, Norway
175 pages, Hardcover
First published January 1, 1981