Theories of solutions

by Svante Arrhenius

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1912 ... of rotating power under such circumstances. When these measures are taken, the change of cane sugar by means of invertase goes on according to the same law as if it were promoted by acids. This observation is very important as it shows again that the supposed difference in action of organic products (enzymes) and inorganic substances (acids) is not a real one. It is to be hoped that the corresponding irregularity found by Henri, his pupils, and others in the transformation of other sugars, will also disappear on closer investigation. This has already been proved by A. E. Taylor regarding the hydrolysis of maltose by means of maltase and that of starch with salivary amylase. That the inversion caused by means of acids goes on regularly depends upon the destruction of mutarotation by acids, which is not quite so rapid as that of alkalies, but still sufficient to prevent serious disturbances. The said hydrolysis is also caused by ultra-violet light. Most reactions, especially hydrolytic ones, possess the same peculiarity as the inversion of cane-sugar in that they are catalyzed by hydrogen or hydroxyl ions (i. e., by the presence of acids or bases) and by special enzymes. High temperature or ultraviolet light act in the same manner. In the yeast cells there is another enzyme, zymase, which carries the process further when cane-sugar has been transformed to glucose. Zymase transforms it to alcohol and carbonic acid; probably lactic acid is an intermediary stage. On the other hand Duclaux showed that glucose in the presence of potassium hydrate or ammonia (i. e. hydroxyl ions) in sunlight gives alcohol and CO2. If Ba(OH)2 was used as the alkali the process went on only as far as the formation of lactic acid, which by the means of potassium hydrate and sunlight ...

64 pages, Paperback

First published April 1, 2007

About the author

Swedish physicist and chemist Svante August Arrhenius won a Nobel Prize of 1903 for his electrolytic theory of dissociation.

People originally referred to this scientist. Arrhenius founded the science. He, the first laureate, received. From 1905, he directed the institute until his death.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_...